Riassunto
Il termine “medicina non convenzionale” fa riferimento, nell’attuale contesto storico, a un eterogeneo insieme di sistemi di assistenza, procedure e prodotti che riguardano la salute e che non sono considerati parte della “medicina convenzionale” (Eisenberg et al., 1993), quest’ultima definita anche “scientifica”. L’espressione “medicina non convenzionale” è prevalente nel contesto istituzionale europeo (Parlamento Europeo, Risoluzione n. 75 del 29/05/1997; Consiglio d’Europa, Risoluzione n. 1206/1999; citazione da Giarelli et al., 2007) ed è stata adottata in Italia dalla Federazione Nazionale degli Ordini dei Medici Chirurghi e Odontoiatri (FNOMCeO) che ha incluso in tale definizione agopuntura, omeopatia, fitoterapia, medicina antroposofica, medicina ayurvedica, omotossicologia, medicina tradizionale cinese, osteopatia e chiropratica come “atti di esclusiva competenza medica” (FNOMCeO, 2002). Altri termini sono usati in quest’ambito. Per esempio, quello di “medicina tradizionale” che fa riferimento a tradizioni di cura locale, spesso ufficialmente riconosciute nei Paesi d’origine (per esempio la “medicina tradizionale cinese” che comprende l’agopuntura). Molto diffuso è anche il termine “medicina alternativa”, che può essere fatto risalire soprattutto al pensiero di Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843), fondatore dell’omeopatia, che si opponeva alla “medicina convenzionale” del tempo (“medicina allopatica”) (Whorton, 2004). Il termine attualmente più diffuso nella letteratura scientifica internazionale è “medicina alternativa e complementare” (Complementary and Alternative Medicine, CAM); dove il termine “complementare” sta a significare che i diversi modelli “alternativi” non si pongono solo a sostituzione della “medicina convenzionale/scientifica” (MCS) (NCCAM, 2011). Ciò è espressione del tentativo di promuovere un’integrazione tra CAM e MCS (Beijing Declaration, World Health Organization, 2008). Di qui anche la denominazione “medicina integrata” (Giarelli et al., 2007).
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Pucci, E. (2013). Terapie non convenzionali. In: Bonino, S. (eds) Aspetti psicologici nella sclerosi multipla. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2724-4_9
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