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Suicidio e patologia psichiatrica

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Il suicidio oggi
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Riassunto

Numerose ricerche mettono da qualche tempo in evidenza come la patologia psichiatrica sia presente in un’alta percentuale delle morti per suicidio, fino al 90–96% (Foster et al., 1997; Cavanagh et al., 2003; Arsenault-Lapierre et al., 2004) e stimano come il 10% dei pazienti con disturbi mentali corra il rischio di morire per suicidio (Tanney, 1992). L’idea che chiunque — se sottoposto a forti “pressioni esterne” — possa suicidarsi, quindi, è andata decadendo negli anni, sostituita dalla convinzione che, affinché l’atto suicidario possa realizzarsi, è necessaria la cooperazione sia di fattori esterni, sia di fattori interni. Nonostante ciò, occorre sottolineare come, sebbene una percentuale rilevante di soggetti morti suicidi abbia una diagnosi e spesso segua un trattamento per disturbo mentale al momento della morte, la maggior parte dei pazienti psichiatrici non sembra attentare alla propria vita. Si può dunque affermare che i disturbi psichiatrici rappresentano una condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente alla realizzazione del gesto autolesivo.

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Ronzitti, S., Ornaghi, A., Chiesa, M., Ranzenigo, V., Giampieri, E., Clerici, M. (2013). Suicidio e patologia psichiatrica. In: Il suicidio oggi. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2715-2_7

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