Abstract
Worldwide pediatric regional anesthesia continues to evolve. In some countries, regional anesthesia forms part of the “anesthetic culture” and it is almost an anticipated to provide analgesia for children after surgery. In some institutions, the use of regional anesthesia in children remains limited because of the perception that the advantages of regional anesthesia over opiate analgesia [1,2] are not worth the potential risks. Although different, the incidence of risk associated with regional anesthesia is remarkably similar to opiate analgesia, i.e., approximately 1 per 1,000 of the population, based on recent multicenter surveys [3,4].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bosenberg A (2012) Benefits of regional anesthesia in children Paediatr Anaesth 22:10–18
Bosenberg AT, Jöhr M, Wolf AR (2011) Pro con debate: the use of regional vs systemic analgesia for neonatal surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 21:1247–1258
Llewellyn N, Moriarty A (2007) The national pediatric epidural audit. Paediatr Anaesth 17:520533
Morton NS, Errera A (2010) APA national audit of pediatric opioid infusions. Pediatr Anesth 20:119–125
Polaner DM, Drescher J (2011) Pediatric regional anesthesia: what is the current safety record? Pediatr Anesth 21:737–742
Willschke H, Marhofer P, Machata AM, Lonnqvist PA (2010) Current trends paediatric regional anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 65(Suppl 1):97–104
Rochette A, Dadure C, Raux O et al (2007) A review of pediatric regional anesthesia practice during a 17-year period in a single institution. Pediatr Anesth 17:874–880
Polaner DM, Martin LD, Investigators PRAN (2012) Quality assurance and improvement: the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network. Paediatr Anaesth 22:115–119
Tsui BCH (2011) Hui Yun Ip V. Ultrasound beyond regional anesthesia Can J Anesth 58:499–503
Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine Fellowship Directors Group (2011) Guidelines for fellowship training in Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine: Second Edition, 2010. Reg Anesth Pain Med 36:282–288
Sites BD, Chan VW, Neal JM et al (2010) The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy joint committee recommendations for education and training in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med 35:S74–S80
Hargett MJ, Beckman JD, Liguori GA et al (2005) Education Committee in the Department of Anesthesiology at Hospital for Special Surgery. Guidelines for regional anesthesia fellowship training. Reg Anesth Pain Med 30:218–225
Smith HM, Kopp SL, Jacob AK et al (2009) Designing and implementing a comprehensive learner-centered regional anesthesia curriculum. Reg Anesth Pain Med 34:88–894
Hocking G, Hebard S, Mitchell CH (2011) A review of the benefits and pitfalls of phantoms in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med 36:162–170
Giaufre E, Dalens B, Gombert A (1996) Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 83:904–912
Ecoffey C, Lacroix F, Giaufre E et al (2010) Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a follow-up one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists (ADARPEF). Paediatr Anaesth 20:1061–1069
Polaner DM, Walker BJ, Taenzer A et al (2012) Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network: a multi-institutional study of the use and incidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg (in press)
Rubin K, Sullivan D, Sadhasivam S (2009) Are peripheral and neuraxial blocks with ultrasound guidance more effective and safe in children? Paediatr Anaesth 19:92–96
Walker IA, Newton M, Bosenberg AT (2011) Improving surgical safety globally: pulse oximetry and the WHO Guidelines for Safe Surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 21:825–828
Special themed issue: Pediatric Regional Anaesthesia. (2012) Lonnqvist PA Guest Ed Paediatr Anaesth 22(1):1–118
Suresh S, Voronov P (2012) Head and neck blocks in infants, children, and adolescents. Paediatr Anaesth 22:81–87
Tsui BC, Suresh S (2010) Ultrasound imaging for regional anesthesia in infants, children, and adolescents: a review of current literature and its application in the practice of neurax- ial blocks. Anesthesiology 112:719–728
Tsui B, Suresh S (2010) Ultrasound imaging for regional anesthesia in infants, children, and adolescents: a review of current literature and its application in the practice of extremity and trunk blocks. Anesthesiology 112:473–492
Mesnil M, Dadure C, Captier G et al (2010) A new approach for peri-operative analgesia of cleft palate repair in infants: the bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block. Paedi- atr Anaesth 20:343–349
Sola C, Raux O, Savath L et al (2012) Ultrasound guidance characteristics and efficiency of suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks in infants: a descriptive prospective study. Pae- diatr Anaesth. May 15 [Epub ahead of print]
Palmer GM, Luk VH, Smith KR et al (2011) Audit of initial use of the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 39:279–286
Walker BJ, Flack SH, Bosenberg AT (2011) Predicting lumbar plexus depth in children and adolescents. Anesth Analg 112:661–665
Dadure C, Raux O, Gaudard P et al (2004) Continuous psoas compartment blocks after major orthopedic surgery in children: a prospective computed tomographic scan and clinical studies. Anesth Analg 98:623–628
Dadure C, Raux O, Gaudard P et al (2004) Continuous psoas compartment blocks after major orthopedic surgery in children: a prospective computed tomographic scan and clinical studies Anesth Analg 98:623–628
Ponde VC, Desai AP, Shah DM et al (2011) Feasibility and efficacy of placement of continuous sciatic perineural catheters solely under ultrasound guidance in children: a descriptive study. Paediatr Anaesth 21:406–410
Dobereiner EF, Cox RG, Ewen A et al (2010) Evidence-based clinical update: Which local anesthetic drug for pediatric caudal block provides optimal efficacy with the fewest side effects? Can J Anaesth 57:1102–1110
Lonnqvist PA (2005) Adjuncts to caudal block in children: quovadis? Br J Anaesth 95:431–433
Disma N, Frawley G, Mameli L et al (2011) Effect of epidural clonidine on minimum local anesthetic concentration (ED50) of levobupivacaine for caudal block in children. Pae- diatr Anaesth 21:128–135
Schnabel A, Poepping DM, Pogatzki-Zahn EM et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of clonidine as additive for caudal regional anesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Paediatr Anaesth 21:1219–1230
Schnabel A, Poepping DM, Kranke P et al (2011) Efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine as an additive for paediatric caudal anaesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth 107:601–611
Menzies R, Congreve K, Herodes V et al (2009) A survey of pediatric caudal extradural anesthesia practice. Paediatr Anaesth 19:829–836
Akin A, Ocalan S, Esmaoglu A et al (2010) The effects of caudal or intravenous clonidine on postoperative analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine in children. Paediatr Anaesth 20:350–355
McCartney CJL, Duggan E, Apatu E (2007) Should we add clonidine to local anesthetic for peripheral nerve blockade? A qualitative systematic review of the literature. Regional Anesthesia Pain Medicine 32:330–338
Trifa M, Ben Khalifa S, Jendoubi A et al (2012) Clonidine does not improve quality of ropi- vacaine axillary brachial plexus block in children. Paediatr Anaesth 22:425–9
Lönnqvist PA (2012) Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists as adjuncts to Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Children - is there a mechanism of action and should we use them? Paediatr Anaesth 22:421–424
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bosenberg, A.T. (2013). Locoregional Anesthesia in Children. In: Astuto, M. (eds) Pediatric Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain: Standardization in Clinical Practice. Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain in Neonates and Children. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2685-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2685-8_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2684-1
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2685-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)