Abstract
It has been emphasised elsewhere in this volume that depression is more frequent in MS patients than in the general population. The same goes for the prevalence of other psychiatric disorders and symptoms in the general population and in MS patients, and bipolar disorder (BD) is no exception, as has been repeatedly reported [1–3]. The BD prevalence rate estimated in MS patients in earlier reports is higher than that shown by more recent surveys (0.3 % to 32 % vs 0.3 % to 2.4 %) [1, 2; 4–7], the last values being supported by an estimate in a large population study [7]. The two to three times higher prevalence of BD in MS patients than in the general population which emerged from previous studies remains valid, as does the recently reported prevalence of BD in the general population of 0.24 % instead of the usually estimated 1 % [8].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Schiffer RB, Wineman NM, Weikamp LR (1986) Association between bipolar affective disorder and multiple sclerosis. Am J Psychiatry 143:94–95
Joffe RT, Lippert GP, Gray TA, Sawa G, Horvath Z (1987) Mood disorder and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 44:376–378
Lyoo IK, Seol HY, Byun HS, Renshaw PF (1996) Unsuspected multiple sclerosis in patients with psychiatric disorders: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 8(1):54–59
Minden SL, Schiffer RB (1990) Affective disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review and recommendations for clinical research. Arch Neurol 47:98–104
Diaz-Olavarrieta C, Cummings JL, Velazquez J, Garcia de la Cadena C (1999) Neuropsychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 11:51–57
Edwards LJ, Costantinescu CS (2004) A prospective study of conditions associated with multiplks sclerosis in a cohort of 658 consecutive outpatients attending a multiple sclerosis clinic. Mult Scler 10:575–585
Marrie RS, Horwitz R, Cutter G et al (2009) The burden of medical comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: frequent, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Mult Scler 15:385–392
Perala J, Suvisaari J, Saami SI et al (2007) Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:19–28
Hutchinson M, Starck J, Buckley P (1993) Bipolar affective disorder prior to the onset of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 88:388–393
Casanova MF, Kruesi M, Mannheim G (1996) Multiple sclerosis and bipolar disorder: a case report with autopsy findings. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 8:206–208
Ali-Asghar AA, Taber KH, Hurley RA, Hayman LA (2004) Pure neuropsychiatric presentation of multiple sclerosis. Am J Psychiatry 161:226–231
Ybarra MI, Moreira MA, Reis Araújo C, Lana-Peixoto MA, Teixeira AL (2007) Bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 65(4B):1177–1180
Figved N, Myhr KM, Larsen JP, Aarsland D (2007) Caregiver burden in multiple sclerosis: the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1097–1102
American Psychiatric Association (2000) The diagnostic and statistical manual, 4th. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
Isaksson AK, Ahlstrom G (2006) From symptom to diagnosis: illness experiences of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurosci Nurs 38:229–237
Jongen PJ (2006) Psychiatric onset of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 245:59–62
Lewis DA, Smith RE (1983) Steroid-induced psychiatric syndromes. A report of 14 cases and a review of the literature. J Affect Disord 4:319–332
Warrington TP, Bostwick JM (2006) Psychiatric adverse effects of corticosteroids. Mayo Clin Proc 8:1361–1367
Bolanos SH, Khan DA, Hanczyc M, Bauer MS, Dhanani N, Brown ES (2004) Assessment of mood states in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy and in controls with patient-rated and clinician-rated scales. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 92:500–505
Ling MHM, Perry PJ, Tsuang MT (1981) Side effects of corticosteroid therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38:471–477
Minden SL, Orav J, Schildkraut JJ (1988) Hypomanic reactions to ACTH and prednisone treatment for multiple sclerosis. Neurology 38:1631–1634
Schiffer RB, Weitkamp LR, Wineman NM, Gufformsen S (1988) Multiple sclerosis and affective disorder: family history, sex and HLA-DR antigens. Arch Neurol 45:1345–1348
Joffe RT, Lippert GP, Gray TA (1987) Personal and family history of affective illness in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Affect Disord 12:63–65
Batchelor JR, Compston A, McDonald WI (1987) The significance of the association between HLA and multiple sclerosis. Br Med Bull 34:279–284
Ebers GC, Paty DW, Stiller CR et al (1983) HLA-typing in multiple sclerosis sibling pairs. Lancet 2:88–90
Modrego PJ, Ferrandez J (2000) Familial multiple sclerosis with repetitive relapses of manic psychosis in two patients (mother and daughter). Behav Neurol 12:175–179
Bozikas VP, Anagnostouli MC, Petrikis P et al (2003) Familial bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis: a three-generation HLA family study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27:835–839
Oliveira JR, Carvalho DR, Pontual D et al (2000) Analysis of the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in Brazilian patients affected by dysthymia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 5(4):348–349
Mansour HA, Talkowski ME, Wood J et al (2005) Serotonin gene polymorphisms and bipolar I disorder: focus on the serotonin transporter. Ann Med 8:590–602
Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA (1978) A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry 133:429–435
Davidson K, Bagley CR (1969) Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: a review of the literature. Br J Psychiatry 4:113–184
Feinstein A, du Boulay G, Ron MA (1993) Psychotic illness in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MRI study. Br J Psychiatry 161:680–685
Rabins PV (1990) Euphoria in multiple sclerosis. In: Rao S (ed) Neurobehavioral aspects of multiple sclerosis. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 180–185
Feinstein A, Feinstein K, Gray T, O’Connor P (1997) Prevalence and neurobehavioral correlates of pathological laughing and crying in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 54:1116–1121
Feinstein A, O’Connor P, Gray T, Feinstein K (1999) Pathological laughing and crying in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary report suggesting a role or the prefrontal cortex. Mult Scler 5:69–73
Krupp LB, Rizvi SA (2002) Symptomatic therapy for under-recognized manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 58(Suppl 4):S32–S39
Ameis SH, Feinsein A (2006) Treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 6:1555–1567
Falk WE, Mahnke MW, Poskanzer DC (1979) Lithium prophylaxis of corticotropin-induced psychosis. JAMA 241:1011–1012
Iacovides A, Andreoulakis E (2011) Bipolar disorder and resembling special psychopathological manifestations in multiple sclerosis: a review. Curr Opin Psychiatry 4:336–340
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Siracusano, A., Niolu, C., Ribolsi, M., Sacchetti, L. (2013). Bipolar Disorder and Mania. In: Nocentini, U., Caltagirone, C., Tedeschi, G. (eds) Neuropsychiatric Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2676-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2676-6_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2675-9
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2676-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)