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On the Path to Cardiopulmonary Bypass: From Le Gallois’ Experiments to Brukhonenko’s Machine

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Dawn and Evolution of Cardiac Procedures

Abstract

The success and achievements in the field of cardiac surgery are attributed to the discovery of cardiopulmonary bypass techniques. The pioneering work of nineteenth century scientists, physicians, and engineers in experimental animal organ perfusion laid the foundations for artificial oxygenation techniques (film, bubble, and isolated lung) and closed circulation circuits. The first half of the twentieth century featured the work of Brukhonenko, Crafoord, Björk, Jonblogbloed, and Gibbon in refining perfusion methods in search of achieving clinical application in humans. They assembled heart–lung machines intended for use age during cardiovascular operations. The first clinical application of the heart–lung machine was recorded in 1951, heralding a new era in cardiac surgery.

But if the place of the heart could be supplied by injection—and if, for the regular continuance of this injection, there could be furnished a quantity of arterial blood, whether natural, or artificially formed, supposing such a formation possible—then life might be indefinitely maintained in any portion; and consequently, after decapitation, even in the head itself, without destroying any functions peculiar to the brain. Not only life might thus be kept up both in the head and in any other portion separated from the body of an animal, but might also be re-produced after its entire extinction. It might be restored likewise to the whole body, and thereby a complete resurrection be performed in the full extent of the word.

César Julien Jean Le Gallois

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiac Surgery Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Matthew S. Yong

  2. Department of Perfusion, Royal Children Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Stephen B. Horton

  3. Cardiac Surgical Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052, Australia

    Igor E. Konstantinov

Authors
  1. Matthew S. Yong
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  2. Stephen B. Horton
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  3. Igor E. Konstantinov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Igor E. Konstantinov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiac Surgery Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Marco Picichè

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Yong, M.S., Horton, S.B., Konstantinov, I.E. (2013). On the Path to Cardiopulmonary Bypass: From Le Gallois’ Experiments to Brukhonenko’s Machine. In: Picichè, M. (eds) Dawn and Evolution of Cardiac Procedures. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2400-7_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2400-7_11

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  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2400-7

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