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Liquid ventilation: recent concepts

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Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in Neonates and Children

Part of the book series: Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care ((TIACC))

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Abstract

Perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids were first demonstrated to be suitable as an alternative respiratory medium by Clark and Gollan in 1966 and are characterized by the unique combination of high solubility for O2 and CO2, low surface tension, high spreading coefficient, and high density. However, attempts to utilize liquid media to enhance gas exchange significantly predate the development of perfluorochemical compounds. In the 1920s, saline lavage was utilized to treat victims of gas attacks during World War I and directly stimulated an interest in the use of liquid ventilation to support gas exchange during saline lavage. Evaluation of the feasibility of liquid ventilation was propelled further by U.S. government-sponsored research efforts involving ultradeep diving and the potentially fatal physiologic changes associated with rapid descent and subsequent ascent. Physiologic studies of the saline-filled lung demonstrated alveolar recruitment, increase in lung compliance and a homogenization of the distribution of regional pulmonary blood flow. In 1966, Kylstra [1] performed the first liquid breathing experiment using saline in a hyperbaric chamber and was able to support gas exchange in animals for 60 min. Subsequently, a biochemical search began to identify liquids with low surface tension, high solubilities for O2 and CO2, as well as immiscibility and nontoxicity. In 1966, Clark and Gollan performed the first liquid breathing experiment under normobaric conditions using a perfluorocarbon [2].

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Authors
  1. J. H. Arnold
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Buzzi Children Hospital, Milan, Italy

    I. Salvo MD

  2. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA

    D. Vidyasagar MD

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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Italia

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Arnold, J.H. (1999). Liquid ventilation: recent concepts. In: Salvo, I., Vidyasagar, D. (eds) Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in Neonates and Children. Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2282-9_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2282-9_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0043-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2282-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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