Abstract
In the 1950s some American authors identified a syndrome of chronic alveolar hypoventilation linked to severe obesity. Burwell et al. [1] coined the term “Pickwickian syndrome” after the character of fat Joe created by Charles Dickens in the Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. This character presents all the clinical features of the syndrome he epitomizes: severe obesity, marked daytime somnolence, voracious appetite, noisy breathing during sleep and, as the colour of his face suggests, polycythemia.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burwell CS, Robin ED, Whaley RD, Bickelmann AG (1956) Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation. A Pickwickian syndrome. Am J Med 21:811–818
Jung R, Kuhlo W (1965) Neurophysiological studies of abnormal night sleep and the Pickwickian syndrome. In: Akert K, Bally C, Schade JP (eds) Sleep mechanisms. Progress in brain research, vol. 18. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 140–160
Gastaut H, Tassinari CA, Duron B (1965) Etude polygraphique des manifestations episodiques (hypniques et respiratoires), diurnes et nocturnes, du syndrome de Pickwick. Rev Neurol 112:568–579
Lugaresi E, Coccagna G, Berti Ceroni G (1968) Syndrome de Pickwick et syndrome d’hypoventilation alveolaire primaire. Acta Neurol Belg 68:15–25
Coccagna G, Mantovani M, Brignani F, Parchi C, Lugaresi E (1972) Continuous recording of the pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure during sleep in syndromes of hypersonnia with periodic breathing. Bull Physiopathol Respir 8:1159–1172
Lugaresi E, Coccagna G, Farneti P, Mantovani M,Cirignotta F (1975) Snoring. Electro-encephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 39:59–64
Lugaresi E, Mondini S, Zucconi M, Montagna P, Cirignotta F (1983) Staging of heavy snorers’disease. A proposal. Bull Europ Physiopath Resp 19:590–594
Coccagna G, Cirignotta F, Lugaresi E (1991) Changes in general circulation in sleep apnea syndrome. In: Peter JH, Penzel T, Podszus T, Von Wichert P (eds) Sleep and health risk. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 300–309
Cirignotta F, Zucconi M, Mondini S, Gerardi R, Lugaresi E (1989) Cerebral anoxic attacks in sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 12:400–404
Coccagna G, Lugaresi E, Cirignotta F (1988) Sleep apnea syndrome and systemic hypertension. In: Duron B, Levi-Valensi P (eds) Sleep disorders and respiration, vol. 168. Colloque Inserm/ John Libbey Eurotext, London-Paris, pp 155–169
Smirne S, Iannaccone S, Ferini-Strambi L, Comola M, Colombo E, Nemni R (1991) Muscle fibre type and habitual snoring. Lancet 337:597–599
Kales A, Caldwell AB, Cadieux RJ et al. (1985) Severe obstructive sleep apnea. II: Associated psychopathology and psychosocial consequences. J Chron Dis 38:427–434
Lugaresi E, Cirignotta F, Coccagna G, Piana C (1980) Some epidemiological data on snoring and cardiocirculatory disturbances. Sleep 3:221–224
Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Partinen M, Langinvainio H, Sarna S, Heikkila K (1985) Snoring as a risk factor for hypertension and angina pectoris. Lancet 1:893–895
Norton PG, Dunn EV (1985) Snoring as a risk factor for disease: an epidemiological survey. BMJ 291:630–632
Gislason T, Aberg H, Taube A (1987) Snoring and systemic hypertension: an epidemiological study. Acta Med Scand 222:415–421
Schmidt-Nowara WW, Coultas DB, Wiggins C, Skipper BE, Samet JM (1990) Snoring in a Hispanic — American population. Risk factors and association with hypertension and other morbidity. Arch Intern Med 150:597–601
Telakivi T (1989) Breathing disturbance during sleep in adults. Clinical correlations in normal males, Down’s syndrome and the dementias. Thesis pp 1–117
Hla KM, Young TB, Bidwell T, Palta M, Skatrud JB, Dempsey J (1994) Sleep apnea and hypertension. Ann Intern Med 120:382–388
Shepard JW (1986) Hemodynamics in obstructive sleep apnea. In: Fletcher EC (ed) Abnormalities of respiration during sleep. Grune and Stratton, Orlando, New York, S. Diego, pp 39–61
Kales A, Bixler EO, Cadieux RJ et al. (1984) Sleep apnoea in a hypertension population. Lancet 2:1005–1008
Lavie PV, Ben-Yosef R, Rubin AE (1984) Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among patients with essential hypertension. Am Heart J 108:373–376
Fletcher EC, De Behuke RD, Lovoi MS, Gorin A (1985) Undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 103:190–195
Williams AJ, Houston D, Finberg S, Lam C, Kinney JL, Santiago S (1985) Sleep apnea syndrome and essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 55:1019–1022
Coccagna G, Mantovani M, Brignani F, Parchi C, Lugaresi E (1972) Tracheostomy in hypersonnia with periodic breathing. Bull Physiopath Respir 8:1217–1227
Sullivan CE, Issa FG, Ellis E, Brunderer J, Mc Cauley Bye PT, Grunstein R, Costas L (1987) Treatment of cardiorespiratory disturbances during sleep. In: Von Hahn HP (ed) Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology, vol. 22. Karger, Basel, pp 47–67
Hung J, Whitford EG, Parsons RW, Hillman DR (1990) Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in in men. Lancet 336:261–264
Koskenvuo M, Partinen M, Kaprio J (1985) Snoring and disease. Ann Clin Res 17:247–251
Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Telakivi T, Partinen M, Heikkila K, Sarna S (1987) Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men. BMJ 294:16–19
De Olazabal JR, Miller MJ, Cook WR, Mithoefer JC (1982) Disordered breathing and hypoxia during sleep in coronary artery disease. Chest 82:548–552
D’Alessandro R, Magelli C, Gamberini G, Bacchelli S, Cristina E, Magnani B, Lugaresi E (1990) Snoring every night as a risk factor for myocardial infarction: a case — control study. BMJ 300:1557–1558
Partinen M, Palomaki H (1985) Snoring and cerebral infarction. Lancet 2:1325–1326
Palomaki H, Partinen M, Juvela S, Kaste M (1989) Snoring as a risk factor for sleep related brain infarction. Stroke 20:1311–1315
Cirignotta F, D’Alessandro R, Partinen M et al. (1989) Prevalence of every night snoring and obstructive sleep apnoeas among 30–69-year-old men in Bologna, Italy. Acta Neurol Scand 79:366–372
Waller PC, Bhopal RS (1989) Is snoring a cause of vascular disease ? An epidemiological review. Lancet 1:143–146
Hoffstein V, Mateika S, Rubinstein I, Slutsky AS (1988) Determinants of blood pressure in snorers. Lancet 2:992–994
Hoffstein V (1996) Is snoring dangerous to your health? Sleep 19:506–516
Billiard M, Alperovitch A, Perot C, Jammes A (1987) Excessive daytime somnolence in young men: prevalence and contributing factors. Sleep 10:297–305
Lavie P (1983) Sleep apnea in industrial workers. In: Guilleminault C, Lugaresi E (eds). Sleep/wake disorders: natural history, epidemiology and long-term evolution. Raven, New York pp 127–135
Telakivi T, Partinen M, Koskenvuo M, Salmi T, Kaprio J (1987) Periodic breathing and hypoxia in snorers and controls. Validation of snoring history and association with blood pressure and obesity. Acta Neurol Scand 76:69–75
Gislason T, Almqvist M, Eriksson G, Taube A, Boman G (1988) Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men — An epidemiological study. J Clin Epidemiol 41:571–576
Pasquali R, Colella P, Cirignotta F et al. (1990) Treatment of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): effect of weight loss and interference of otorhinolaryngoiatric pathology. Internat J Obesity 14:207–217
Suratt PM, Mc Tier RF, Findley et al. (1992) Effects of very low caloric diet with weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Clin Nutr 56:1825–45
Mondini S, Gerardi R, Pasquali R, Rinaldi-Ceroni A, Morselli P, Cirignotta F (1992) Effetti del dimagramento sulla sindrome dele apnee ostruttive nel sonno. In: Smirne S, Ferini-Strambi L, Zucconi M (eds) Il sonno in Italia. Poletto, Milano, pp 147–152
Sullivan CE, Issa FG, Berthon-Jones M, Eves L (1981) Reversal of obstructive sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure applied through the nares. Lancet 1:862–65
ASDA Standard of Practice Committee (1996) Practice parameters for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults: the efficacy of surgical modification of upper airway. Sleep 19:152–55
Sher AE, Schechtman KB, Piccirillo J (1996) The efficacy of surgical modification of the upper airway in adult with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 19:156–77
Powell N, Riley R, Guilleminault C, Troell R (1996) A reversible uvulopalatal flap for snoring and sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 19:593–599
ASDA Standard of Practice Committee (1995) Oral appliance for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Sleep 18:501–10
Cirignotta F, Mondini S, Gerardi E (1995) Benzodiazepine ed apnee notturne: è sempre un rischio? Rassegna di patologia dell’apparato respiratorio 5:457–459
Severinghans JW, Mitchell RA (1962) Ondine’s curse. Failure of respiratory center automaticity while awake. Clin Res 10:122
Girandoux J (1939) Ondine. B Gresset (ed) Paris
Coccagna G, Lugaresi E (1978) Arterial blood gases and pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure during sleep in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sleep 1:117–124
Douglas NJ, Calverley PMA, Leggett RJE, Brash HL, Flenley DC, Brezinova V (1979) Transient hypoxemia during sleep in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Lancet 1:1–4
Coccagna G, Cirignotta F, Mondini S, Schiavina M, Gerardi R (1991) Sleep-related respiratory impairment in muscular and skeletal diseases. In: Peter JH, Penzel T, Podszus T, von Wiehert P (eds) Sleep and health risk. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 154–160
Hetzel MR, Clark TJH (1980) Comparison of normal and asthmatic circadian rhythms in peak expiratory flow rate. Thorax 35:732–738
Barnes P, Fitzgerald G, Brown M, Dollery C (1980) Nocturnal asthma and changes in circulating epinephrine and Cortisol. N Engl J Med 303:263–267
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coccagna, G., Cirignotta, F. (1997). Breathing Disorders and Sleep. In: Lugaresi, E., Parmeggiani, P.L. (eds) Somatic and Autonomic Regulation in Sleep. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2275-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2275-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2277-5
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2275-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive