Abstract
The pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the presence, within the central nervous system (CNS), of patchy inflammatory infiltrates leading to demyelination and axonal loss, and containing autoreactive T cells and pathogenic non-antigen-specific mononuclear cells [1]. It is currently believed that CNS antigen-reactive T cells provide the organ specificity of the pathogenic process. These cells regulate the recirculation within the CNS of non-antigen-specific lymphocytes and monocytes which act as effector cells by releasing myelinotoxic substances [2]. T cells specific for myelin and non-myelin components and mainly displaying the α/β T cell receptor (TCR) constitute the majority of the CNS-antigen specifc T cell population, while blood-borne activated macrophages, B cells producing antibodies against myelin components (i.e. myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) or still unidentified components (i.e. oligoclonal cerebrospinal fluid bands), and γ/δ T cells represent the effector cell population. Nevertheless, the two different cell populations display overlapping functions; a minor proportion of α/β T cells specific for myelin antigens shows cytotoxic properties while γ/δ T cells can contribute to effector cell recruitment (mainly macrophages) via proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. To further complicate the T cell-mediated pathogenic scenario in MS, it has been recently reported that both regulatory as well as effector cells can be cross-regulated by different subsets of T cells including anti-T cell receptor (TCR) T cells as well as T cells carrying a natural killer receptor (NKR) [3].
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Furlan, R., Poliani, P.L., Bergami, A., Gironi, M., Desina, G., Martino, G. (1999). The role of proinflammatory cytokines in multiple sclerosis. In: Gambi, D., Muraro, P.A., Lugaresi, A., Ecari, U. (eds) Advances in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2269-0_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2269-0_9
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