Abstract
Sensory neurons responding to stimuli capable of producing tissue damage are termed nociceptors and have free nerve endings of either myelinated small-diameter (Aδ) or unmyerlinated (C) fiber axons. They display either single or multiple receptive fields. Nociceptive afferents supply skin, subcutaneous tissue, periosteum, joints, muscles and viscera. Nociceptors also innervate vessels, meninges, and nervi nervorum.Skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia are supplied by mechanical nociceptor afferents and heat and cold nociceptors; most of Aδ and C nociceptors in primates are mechano-heat sensitive and respond to chemical stimuli as well and are referred to as polymodal nociceptors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Treede RD, Meyer RA, Raja SN, Campbell JN (1995) Evidence for two different transduction mechanisms in nociceptive primary afferents innervating monkey skin. J Physiol 483: 747–758
Campbell JN, LaMotte RH (1983) Latency to detection of first pain. Brain Res 266: 203–208
Simone DA, Kajander KC (1997) Responses of cutaneous A-fiber nociceptors to noxious cold. J Neurophysiol 77: 2049–2060.
Harrison JLK, Davis KD (1999) Cold evoked pain varies with skin type and cooling rate: a psychophysical study in humans. Pain 83: 123–135
Steen KH, Reeh P, Anton F, Handwerker HO (1992) Protons selectively induce long lasting excitation and sensitization to mechanical stimulation of nociceptors in rat skin, in vitro. J Neurosci 12: 86–95
Caterina JM, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, et al (1997) The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 389: 816–824
Reeh PW, Petho G (2000) Nociceptor excitation by thermal sensitization-a hypothesis. In: Sandkuler J, Gebart GF, Bromm B (eds) Nervous System Plasticity and Chronic Pain. Progress in Brain Research Elsevier, Amsterdam (in press)
Herz A (1996) Peripheral opioid analgesia-facts and mechanisms. In: Carli G, Zimmermann M (eds) Towards the Neurobiology of Chronic Pain. Progress in Brain Research, vol 110. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 95–110
Schmeltz M, Schmidt R, Ringkamp M, et al (1994) Sensitization of insensitive branches of C nociceptors in human skin. J Physiol 480: 389–394
Michaelis M, Habler H-G, Janig W (1997) Silent afferent neurons:a separate class of primary afferents? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 23: 99–105
Adriaensen H, Gybels J, Handwerker HO, Van Hees J (1984) Nociceptor discharges and sensation due to prolonged noxious mechanical stimulation-a paradox. Hum Neurobiol 3: 53–58
White DM, Taiwo YO, Coderre TJ, Levine JD (1991) Delayed activation of nociceptors:correlation with delayed pain sensations induced by sustained stimuli. J Neurophysiol 66: 229–234
Liu C-N, Wall PD, Ben-Dor E, et al (2000) Tactile allodynia in the absence of C-fiber activation:altered firing properties of DRG neurons following spinal nerve injury. Pain 85: 503–521
Li Y, Dorsi MJ, Meyer RA, and Belzberg AJ (2000) Mechanical hyperalgesia after an L5 spinal nerve lesion in the rat is not dependent on input from injured nerve fibers. Pain 85: 493–502
Koltzenburg GM, Wall PD, McMahon SB (1999) Does the right side know what the left is doing?. Trends Neurosci 22: 122–127
Sato J, Perl ER (1991) Adrenergic excitation of cutaneous pain receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury. Science 251: 1608–1610
Devor M, Seltzer Z (1999) Pathophysiology of damaged nerves in relation to chronic pain. In: Wall PD, Melzack R (eds) Textbook of pain. Churchill Livingston, London, pp 129–164
Bossut DF, Shea VK, Perl ER (1996) Sympathectomy induces adrenergic excitability of cutaneous C-Fiber nociceptors. J Neurophysiol 75: 514–517
McMahon SB, Bennet DLH (1994) Trophic factors and pain. In: Wall PD, Melzack R (eds) Textbook of pain. Churchill-Livingston, Edinburgh, pp 105–128
Elliott JR (1997) Slow Na+ channel inactivation and bursting discharge in a simple model axon: implications for neuropathic pain. Brain Res 754: 221–226
Devor M, Govrin-Lippmann R, Angelides K (1993) Na+ channel immunolocalization in peripheral mammalian axons and changes following nerve injury and neuroma formation. J Neurosci 13: 1966–1992
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano
About this paper
Cite this paper
Carli, G. (2001). First Affluent Neuron. In: Tiengo, M.A. (eds) Neuroscience: Focus on Acute and Chronic Pain. Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2258-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2258-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0134-3
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2258-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive