Abstract
In the last 15 years, human and animal studies have indicated that the anatomical, neurochemical and functional correlates of pain states are quite different in symptomatic and pathologic pain [1, 2]. Thus, the biological substrate for pharmacological therapy is different for treating acute, symptomatic pain and different types of pathologic chronic pain. Moreover, the pathophysiology of a long-lasting pain syndrome also changes with the course of a disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Loeser JD, Melzack R (1999) Pain: an overview. Lancet 353: 1607–1609
Basbaum AI (1999) Distinct neurochemical features of acute and persistent pain? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7739–7743
Dalsgaard C-J (1988) The sensory system. In: Bjorklund A, Hokfelt T, Owman C (eds) The peripheral nervous system. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, vol. 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 599–636
Kieffer BL (1999) Opioids: first lessons from knockout mice. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 20: 19–26
Matthes HW, Maldonado R, Simonin F et al (1996) Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the mu-opioid-receptor gene. Nature 383: 819–23
Sora I, Takahashi N, Funada M et al (1997) Opiate receptor knockout mice define mu receptor roles in endogenous nociceptive responses and morphine-induced analgesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 1544–1549
Tanner KD, Gold MS, Reichling DB, Levine JD (1997) Transduction and excitability in nociceptors: dynamic phenomena. In: Borsook D (ed) Molecular neurobiology of pain. Progress in pain research and management, vol. 9. IASP Press, Seattle, pp 79–105
Besson JM (1999) The neurobiology of pain. Lancet 353: 1610–1615
Wood JN, Akopian AN, Cesare P et al (2000) The primary nociceptor: special functions, special receptors. In: Devor M, Rowbotham MC, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (eds) Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Pain. Progress in pain research and management. Vol. 16 IASP Press, Seattle, pp 47–62
Carlton SM, Coggeshall RE (1998) Nociceptive integration: does it have a peripheral component? Pain Forum 7: 71–78
Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1999) Vanilloid (Capsaicin) receptors and mechanisms. (rewiew) Pharmacol Rev 51: 159–212
Dickenson AH (1995) Spinal cord pharmacology of pain. Br J Anaesth 75: 193–200
Dickenson AH, Chapman V (2000) New and old anticonvulsants as analgesics. In: Devor M, Rowbotham MC, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (eds) Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Pain. Progress in pain research and management, vol. 16. IASP Press, Seattle, pp 875–886
Calzà L, Pozza M, Zanni M (1999) Neurochemical memory in pain circuits. In: Tiengo M, Paladini VA, Rawal N (eds) Regional anaesthesia analgesia and pain management. Basic guidlines and clinical orientation, Springer Milano, pp 23–31
Meller ST, Gebhart GF (1993) Nitric oxide ( NO) and nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. Pain 52: 127–136
Malmberg AB, Yaksh TL (1993) Spinal nitric oxide synthesis inhibition blocks NMDAinduced thermal hyperlagesia and produce antinociception in the formalin test in rats. Pain 54: 291–300
Stanfa LC, Misra C, Dickenson AH (1996) Amplification of spinal nociceptive transmission depends on the generation of nitric oxide in normal and carrageenan rats. Brain Res 737: 92–98
Urban MO, Gebhart GF (1999) Supraspinal contributions to hyperalgesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7687–7692
Aimar P, Pasti L, Carmignoto G, Merighi A (1998) Nitric-oxide-producing islet cells modulate the release of sensory neuropeptides in the rat substantia gelatinosa. J Neurosci 18: 10375–10388
Pozza M, Bettelli C, Magnani F et al (1998) Is neuronal nitric oxide involved in adjuvant-induced joint inflammation? Eur J Pharmacol 359: 87–93
Hökfelt T, Zhang X, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (1994) Messenger plasticity in primary sensory neurons following axotomy and its functional implications. Trends Neurosci 17: 22–30
Hökfelt T, Zhang X, Xu X-Q et al (1997) Transition of pain from acute to chronic: cellular and synaptic mechanisms. In: Jensen TS, Turner JA, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (eds) Proceedings 8th World Congress on Pain. IASP Press, Seattle, pp 133–154
Millan MJ (1999) The induction of pain: an integrated review. Prog Neurobiol 57: 1–164
Cervero F, Laird JM (1996) Mechanisms of touch-evoked pain (allodynia): a new model. Pain 68: 13–23
Cervero F, Laird JM (1996) From acute to chronic pain: mechanisms and hypotheses. Prog Brain Res 110: 3–15
Dubner R, Ruda MA (1992) Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity following tissue injury and inflammation. Trends Neurosci 15: 96–103
Uhl GR, Nishimori T (1990) Neuropeptide gene expression regulation and neural activity: assessing a working hypothesis in nucleus caudalis and dorsal horn neurons expressing preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 10: 73–98
Woolf CJ (1996) Phenotypic modification of primary sensory neurons: the role of nerve growth factor in the production of persistent pain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 351: 441–448
Doyle CA, Palmer JA, Munglani R, Hunt SP (1997) Molecular consequences of noxious stimulation. In: Borsook D (ed) Molecular neurobiology of pain. Progress in pain research and management, vol. 9. IASP Press, Seattle, pp 145–169
Hall SM (1999) The biology of chronically denervated Schwann cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 883: 215–233
Baron R, Levine JD, Fields HL (1999) Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain? Muscle Nerve 22: 678–695
Eide PK (1998) Pathophysiological mechanisms of central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 36: 601–12
Woolf CJ, Mannion RJ (1999) Neurophatic pain: aetiology symptoms, mechanisms and management. Lancet 353: 1959–1964
Tong YG, Wang HF, Ju G et al (1999) Increased uptake and transport of cholera toxin B-subunit in dorsal root ganglion neurons after peripheral axotomy: possible implications for sensory sprouting. J Comp Neurol 404: 143–158
Calzà L, Pozza M, Arletti R et al (2000) Long-lasting regulation of opiate, galanin and other peptides in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord during experimental polyarthritis. Exp Neurol 164: 333–343
Calzà L, Pozza M, Zanni M et al (1998) Peptide plasticity in primary sensory neurons and spinal cord during adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat: an immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization study. Neuroscience 82: 575–589
Pozza M, Guerra M, Manzini E, Calzà L (2000) A histochemical study of the rheumatoid synovium: focus on nitric oxide, nerve growth factor high affinity receptor and innervation. J Rheumatol 27: 1121–1127
Tatemoto K, Rökaeus A, Jörnvall H et al (1983) Galanin–a novel biologically active peptide from porcine intestine: FEBS Lett 164: 124–128
Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Bartfai T, Hökfelt T (1992) Galanin in sensory neurons in the spinal cord. Front Neuroendocrinol 13: 319–343
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano
About this paper
Cite this paper
Calzà, L. (2001). Neurochemistry of Pain Circuits: Physiological versus Pathological Pain. In: Tiengo, M.A. (eds) Neuroscience: Focus on Acute and Chronic Pain. Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2258-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2258-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0134-3
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2258-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive