Abstract
Historically, the saga of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics almost always starts with the Monro-Kellie doctrine. This states that the sum of volumes of brain, blood and CSF (although in the time of Kellie, i.e. the early nineteenth century, the volume of CSF was not considered) must be constant due to the fixed volume of the skull and spinal canal. This may be expressed mathematically as:
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albeck MJ, Borgesen SE, Gjerris F, et al: Intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid outflow conductance in healthy subjects. J Neurosurg 74:597–600, 1991
Albeck MJ, Skak C, Nielsen PR, et al: Age dependency of resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow. J Neurosurg 89:275–278, 1998
Andreasen N, Minthon L, Clarberg A, et al: Sensitivity, specificity, and stability of CSF-tau in AD in community-based patient sample. Neurology 53:1488–1494, 1999
Aschoff A, Kremer P, Benesch C, et al: Overdrainage and shunt technology. Child’s Nerv Syst 11:193–202, 1995
Avezaat CJJ, Eijndhoven JHM: Cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and craniospinal dynamics. A theoretical, clinical and experimental study (thesis). Jongbloed A, The Hague. 1984
Avezaat CJJ, van Eijndhoven JHM, Wyper DJ: Cerebrospinal pulse-pressure and intracranial volume-pressure relationships. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42:687–700, 1979
Boon AJ, Tans JT, Delwel EJ, et al: Dutch normal-pressure hydrocephalus study: prediction of outcome after shunting by resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg 87:687–693, 1997
Boon AJ, Tans JT, Delwel EJ, et al: Dutch Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Study: the role of cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 90:221–226, 1999
Borgesen SE, Albeck MJ, Gjerris F, et al: Computerized infusion test compared to steady pressure constant infusion test in measurement of resistance to CSF outflow. Acta Neurochir 119:12–16 1992
Borgesen SE, Gjerris F: The predictive value of conductance to outflow of CSF in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain 105:65–86, 1982
Borgesen SE, Gjerris F, Sorensen SC: The resistance to cerebrospinal fluid absorption in humans. A method of evaluation by lumbo-ventricular perfusion, with particular reference to normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 57: 88–96, 1978
Bradley WG Jr; Whittemore AR; Kortman KE; et al: Marked cerebrospinal fluid void: indicator of successful shunt in patients with suspected normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Radiology 178:459–466, 1991
Chapman PH, Cosman ER, Arnold MA: The relationship between ventricular fluid pressure and body position in normal subjects and subjects with shunts: a telemetric study. Neurosurgery 26:181–189 1990
Chopp M, Portnoy HD: System analysis of intracranial pressure. Comparison of volume-pressure test and CSF-pulse amplitude analysis. J Neurosurg 53:516–527, 1980
Costabile G, Probst C: Intrathecal infusion test and decrease in shunt revisions and infections. Neurochirurgia Stuttg 31:134–135, 1988
Czosnyka M, Batorski L, Roszkowski M, et al: Cerebrospinal compensation in hydrocephalic children. Child’s Nerv Syst 9:17–22, 1993
Czosnyka M, Batorski L, Laniewski P, et al: A computer system for the identification of the cerebrospinal compensatory model. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 105:112–116, 1990
Czosnyka M, Piechnik S, Richards HK, et al: Contribution of mathematical modelling to the bedside tests of cerebrovascular autoregulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 63:721–731, 1997
Czosnyka M, Richards HK, Czosnyka Z, et al: Vascular components of cerebrospinal fluid compensation. J Neurosurg 90:752–759, 1999
Czosnyka M, Whitehouse H, Smielewski P, et al: Testing of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in shunted and non-shunted patients: a guide to interpretation based on observational study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60: 549–558, 1996
Czosnyka ZH, Czosnyka M, Whitfield PC, et al: Cerebral autoregulation among patients with symptoms of hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 50:526–532, 2002
Czosnyka Z, Czosnyka M, Richards HK, et al: Posture-related overdrainage: comparison of the performance of 10 hydrocephalus shunts in vitro. Neurosurgery 42: 327–333, 1998
Da Silva MC, Michowicz S, Drake JM, et al: Reduced local cerebral blood flow in periventricular white matter in experimental neonatal hydrocephalus — restoration with CSF shunting. J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 15: 1057–1065, 1995
Dandy WE: Extripation of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles in a communicating hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricle in communicating hydrocephalus. Ann Surg 68:569–579, 1918
Davson H: Formation and drainage of the CSF in hydrocephalus. In: Shapiro K, Marmarou A, Portnoy H (eds) Hydrocephalus. Raven Press, New York, pp 112–160, 1984
Davson H, Welch K, Segal MB: The physiology and pathophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1987
Ekstedt J: CSF hydrodynamic studies in man. Normal hy-drodynamic variables related to CSF pressure and flow. J Neurolog Neurosurg Psychiatry 41:345–353, 1978
Ekstedt J: CSF hydrodynamic studies in man. Method of constant pressure CSF infusion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40:105–119, 1977
Epstein F; Lapras C; Wisoff JH: ’slit-ventricle syndrome’: etiology and treatment. Pediatr Neurosci 14:5–10, 1988
Foltz EL, Blanks JP, Yonemura K: CSF pulsatility in hydrocephalus: respiratory effect on pulse wave slope as an indicator of intracranial compliance. Neurol Res 12: 67–74, 1990
Foltz El, Blanks JP: Symptomatic low intracranial pressure in shunted hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 68: 401–408, 1988
Frieden H, Eksted J: Estimation of CSF outflow resistance: Model validation and resistance calculation by the method of CSF volume accounting. In: Gjerris F, Borgesen SE, Sorensen PS (eds) Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, p 198–210, 1989
Frieden H, Ekstedt J: Instrumentation for cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamic studies in man. Med Biol Eng Cornput 20:167–180, 1982
Gideon P, Thomsen C, Stahlberg F, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid production and dynamics in normal aging: a MRI phase-mapping study. Acta Neurol Scand 89:362–366, 1994
Gjerris F, Borgesen SE: Patophysiology of CSF circulation. In: Crockard A, Hayward A, Hoff JT (eds) Neurosurgery. The scientific basis of clinical practice. Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp 146–174, 1992
Gjerris F, Borgesen SE, Sorensen PS, et al: Resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow and intracranial pressure in patients with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 88(3–4): 79–86, 1987
Graff J, Radford NR, Rezai K, et al: Regional cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 50:1589–1596, 1987
Hakim S, Adams RD: The special clinical problem of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Observations on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. J Neurol Sci 2:307–327, 1965
Hara K, Nakatani S: Detection of the B waves in the oscillation of intracranial pressure by fast Fourier transform. Med Inf Lond 15:125–331, 1990
Hartman A, Alberti E: Cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume in communicating hydrocephalus. Arch Psychiatr Nernekr 225:291–306, 1978
Hatashita S, Hoff JT: Biomechanics of brain edema in acute cerebral ischemia in cats. Stroke 19:91–97, 1988
Heiss JD, Patronas N, DeVroom HL, et al: Elucidating the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. J Neurosurg 91: 553–562, 1999
Higashi K, Asahisa H, Ueda N, et al: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in experimental hydrocephalus. Neurol Res 8:169–176, 1986
Hoffmann O: CSF dynamics: Integration of Pulsatory Components and Autoregulation into Mathematical Model. In: Ishii S, Nagai H, Brock M (eds) Intracranial pressure V. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 169–173, 1983
James AE Jr, Novak G, Bahr AL, et al: The production of cerebrospinal fluid in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Exp Brain Res 27:553–557, 1977
Jurkiewicz J, Czernicki Z, Berdyga J, et al: Three-phase infusion test. G Neurol Neurochir Pol 28:363–369, 1994
Kasprowicz M, Czosnyka Z, Momjian S, et al: Hysteresis of cerebrospinal pressure-volume curve among patients with hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2002 (in submission).
Katzman R, Hussey F: A simple constant infusion mano-metric test for measurement of CSF absorption. Neurology (Minneap), 20:534–544, 1970
Klinge P, Fischer J, Brinker T, et al: PET and CBF studies of chronic hydrocephalus: a contribution to surgical indication and prognosis. J Neuroimag 8:205–209, 1998
Klinge PM, Berding G, Brinker T, et al: A positron emission tomography study of cerebrovascular reserve before and after shunt surgery in patients with idipathic chronic hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 91:605–609, 1999
Kosteljanetz M, Nehen AM, Kaalund J: Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance measurements in the selection of patients for shunt surgery in the normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome. A controlled trial. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 104(1–2): 48–53, 1990
Kristensen B, Malm J, Fagerlund M, et al: Regional cerebral blood flow, white matter abnormalities, and cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:282–288, 1996
Larsson A, Moonen M, Bergh AC, et al: Predictive value of quantitative cisternography in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 81:327–332, 1990
Lee EJ, Hung YC, Chang CH, et al: Cerebral blood flow velocity and vasomotor reactivity before and after shunting surgery in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140:599–604, 1998
Lemaire JJ, Chazal J, Gutknecht JL, et al: Effects of acute compliance fluctuation on slow ICP waves: frequential aspects. In: Nagai H, Kamiya K, Ishii S (eds) Intracranial pressure IX. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 498–501, 1994
Maksymowicz W, Czosnyka M, Koszewski W, et al.: The role of cerebrospinal system compensatory parameters in estimation of functioning of implanted shunt system in patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir 101:112–116, 1989
Malm J, Kristensen B, Karlsson T, et al: The predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid dynamic tests in patients with th idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome. J Arch Neurol 52:783–789, 1995
Mamo HL, Meric PC, Ponsin JC, et al: Cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Stroke 18:1074–1080, 1987
Marmarou A: A theoretical model and experimental evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid system. Thesis, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 1973
Marmarou A, Foda MA, Bandoh K, et al: Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics. J Neurosurg 85:1026–1035, 1996
Marmarou A, Maset AL, Ward JD, et al: Contribution of CSF and vascular factors to elevation of ICP in severely head injured patients. J Neurosurg 66:883–890, 1987
Marmarou A, Shulman K, Rosende RM: A non-linear analysis of CSF system and intracranial pressure dynamics. J Neurosurg 48:332–344, 1978
Momjian S, Czosnyka M, Czosnyka Z, et al: Correlation between the resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow and vasogenic waves of intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus. Brit J Neurosurg 2004 (in press)
May C, Kaye JA, Atack JR, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid production is reduced in healthy aging. Neurology 40(3 Pt 1): 500–503, 1990
McComb: Recent research into the nature of cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption. J Neurosurg 59:369–383, 1983
McComb JG, Davson H, Hyman S, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage as influenced by ventricular pressure in the rabbit. J Neurosurg 56:790–797, 1982
Meyer JS, Tachibana H, Hardenberg JP, et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Influence on cerebral hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid pressure-chemical autoregulation. Surg Neurol 21:195–203, 1984
Milhorat TH: Failure of choroid plexectomy as treatment for hydrocephalus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 139:505–508, 1974
Owler BK, Harris NG, Pena A, et al: Global and regional CBF changes in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus with changes in ICP. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21(Suppl 1):S419, 2001
Owler BK, Pickard JD: Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a review. Acta Neurol Scand 104: 325–342, 2001
Pappenheimer JR, Heisey SR, Jordan EF, et al: Perfusion of the cerebral ventricular system in unanaesthetized goats. Am J Physiol 203:763–774, 1962
Pickard JD, Teasdale G, Matheson M, et al: Intraventricular pressure waves — the best predictive test for shunting in normal pressure hydrocephalus. In: Shulman K, Marmarou A, Miller JD et al (eds) Intracranial pressure IV. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 498–500, 1980
Portnoy HD, Chopp M, Branch C, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid pulse waveform as an indicator of cerebral autoregulation. J Neurosurg 56: 666–678, 1982
Pudenz RH, Foltz EL: Hydrocephalus: overdrainage by ventricular shunts. A review and recommendations. Surg Neurol 35:200–212, 1991
Raabe A, Czosnyka M, Piper I, et al: Monitoring of intracranial compliance: correction for a change in body position. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 141:31–36, 1999
Rekate HL, Brodkey JA, Chizeck HJ, et al: Ventricular volume regulation: a mathematical model and computer simulation. Pediatr Neurosci 14:77–84, 1988
Rubenstein E: Relationship of senescence of cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system to dementias of the aged. Lancet 351:283–285, 1998
Schettini A, Walsh EK: Brain tissue elastic behavior and experimental brain compression. Am J Physiol 255: R799–R805, 1988
Schettini A, Walsh EK: CSF dynamics and cerebral hemodynamics in ATP-induced hypotension. In: Avezaat CJ, Ei-jndhoven JHM, Maas AIR, Tans JTJ (eds) Intracranial pressure VIII. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 738–743, 1993
Schmidt JF, Fedders O, Borgesen SE, et al: Reproducibility of measurements of resistance to CSF outflow. In: Gjerris F, Borgesen SE, Sorensen PS (eds) Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, pp 224–232, 1989
Shapiro K, Fried A, Takei F, et al: Effect of the skull and dura on neural axis pressure-volume relationships and CSF hydrodynamics. J Neurosurg 63:76–81, 1985
Sklar FH, Beyer CW, Ramanathan M et al: Servo-controlled lumbar infusions: a clinical tool for determination of CSF dynamics as a function of pressure. Neurosurgery 3:170–178, 1978
Sklar FH, Giller C, Shapiro K: Manometric determination of CSF absorption: variance cosiderations. In: Gjerris F, Borgesen SE, Sorensen PS (eds) Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, pp 249–255, 1989
Sliwka S: A clinical system for the evaluation of selected dynamic properties of the intracranial system. PhD Thesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 1980
Sorek S, Bear J: Models of Cerebral System Mechanics. Scientific Report No. 2, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 1986
Sorenson PS, Gjerris F, Schmidt J: Resistance to CSF outflow in benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri). In: Gjerris F, Borgesen SE, Sorensen PS (eds) Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. Copenhagen, Munskgaard, pp 343–355, 1989
Sprung C, Collman H, Fuchs EC, et al: Pre-and postoperative evaluation of hydrocephalus using the infusion test. Adv Neurosurg 4:463–470, 1977
Stochetti N, Rossi S, Cacerelli P, et al: The pattern of ICP after bolus injection as an indicator of intracranial disturbances. In: Nagai H, Kamiya K, Ishii S (eds) Intracranial pressure IX. Springer, Tokyo, pp 172–174, 1994
Tanaka A, Kimura M, Nakayama Y, et al: Cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 40:1161–1165, 1997
Tans JT, Poortvliet DC: Relationship between compliance and resistance to outflow of CSF in adult hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 71:59–62, 1989
Taylor R, Czosnyka Z, Czosnyka M, et al: A laboratory model of testing shunt performance after implantation. Br J Neurosurg 16:30–35, 2002
Tisell M, Edsbagge M, Stephensen H, et al: Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis. Neurosurgery 50:70–76, 2002
Ursino M, Di Giammarco P: A mathematical model of the relationship between cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure changes: the generation of plateau waves. Ann Biomed Eng 19:15–25, 1991
Vorstrup S, Christensen J, Gjerris F, et al: Cerebral blood flow in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after shunting. J Neurosurg 66:379–387, 1987
Williams B: Progress in syringomyelia. Neurol Res 8:130–145, 1986
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Czosnyka, M., Czosnyka, Z.H., Whitfield, P.C., Pickard, J.D. (2005). Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics. In: Cinalli, G., Sainte-Rose, C., Maixner, W.J. (eds) Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2121-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2121-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2173-0
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2121-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)