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Early Indicators Early Treatments Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis pp 167–179Cite as

Sunlight, Vitamin D, and Multiple Sclerosis

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Part of the book series: Topics in Neuroscience ((TOPNEURO))

Abstract

The biological mechanisms leading to multiple sclerosis (MS) are uncertain, but both genetic and environmental factors contribute to establishment and progression of the disease [1]. Compared with unrelated individuals, biological first-degree relatives of MS patients show a 20- to 40-fold increased risk of disease, and this increased risk is attributable to genetic factors, rather than a transmissible agent [2]. However, 70% of monozygotic twin pairs are discordant for MS, indicating that inheriting MS susceptibility genes is not sufficient for disease development [3]. Thus, MS development requires exposure to one or more environmental risk factors. This suggests that MS may be preventable if these risk factors can be identified and avoided.

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  1. C. E. Hayes
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. European Charcot Foundation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Otto R. Hommes

  2. Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Giancarlo Comi

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Hayes, C.E. (2004). Sunlight, Vitamin D, and Multiple Sclerosis. In: Hommes, O.R., Comi, G. (eds) Early Indicators Early Treatments Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis. Topics in Neuroscience. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2117-4_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2117-4_18

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