Riassunto
Il fenomeno stress legato al lavoro sta assumendo nel mondo dimensioni preoccupanti, in assoluta controtendenza rispetto alla tradizionali patologie causate dal lavoro. Nelle società industriali avanzate le metodologie di prevenzione e l’attuazione di criteri cautelativi hanno, infatti, determinato una drastica riduzione delle tradizionali patologie lavorative, mentre le crescenti aspettative di benessere, di espressione di potenzialità, capacità e aspirazioni inducono sovente situazioni di frustrazione e disagio psicologico, che da un parte conducono a patologie d’organo più o meno sfumate, come già detto, ma anche in alcuni casi a una “discreta e incisiva” emergenza psichiatrica. Secondo i dati emersi dalla Second European Survey on Working Condition [1–4], il 28% dei lavoratori dell’Unione Europea soffre di disturbi associati allo stress lavorativo, secondo solo al “mal di schiena” che vanta il 30%, con 600 milioni di giorni lavorativi persi. Nel Regno Unito ogni anno vengono persi 80 milioni di giorni lavorativi per malattie mentali, mentre negli Stati Uniti questo dato raggiunge i 200 milioni. Lo stress da lavoro coinvolge ogni settore produttivo e di servizi, così come ogni figura professionale, seppure con percentuali diverse: dal 35% nel settore dei servizi, al 21% nella manifatturiera, al 9% nei trasporti [1–4].
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Compare, A., Tonelli, A., Grossi, E. (2012). Organizzazione aziendale e stress lavoro-correlato: Tutela della salute e sviluppo della performance. In: Stress e disturbi da somatizzazione. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2080-1_22
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