Riassunto
Il termine enfisema mediastinico, o pneumomediastino, identifica una condizione patologica caratterizzata dalla presenza di aria libera nel mediastino, solitamente associata a disturbi respiratori, e nota per lo piú come complicanza in pazienti con gravi crisi asmatiche. Generalmente L’enfisema mediastinico viene suddiviso in pneumomediastino “spontaneo” e “secondario”. Il primo, descritto per la prima volta da Louis Hamman nel 1939, é riservato a casi non associati a pregressi eventi morbosi, quali traumi toracici, procedure endotracheobronchiali, ventilazione meccanica, cateterizzazione cardiaca o chirurgia toracica [1]; altri autori ritengono invece che questa definizione dovrebbe essere riservata solo ai bambini senza pregresse patologie polmonari [2]. Nello pneumomediastino “secondario”, invece, si puó identificare un evento patologico responsabile, quale un trauma, un’infezione o una lesione (spesso iatrogena) delle vie aeree o digestive [3].
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Filippi, L. (2012). Enfisema mediastinico o pneumomediastino. In: Rianimazione in età pediatrica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2059-7_22
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