Riassunto
Il termine ventilazione non invasiva (NIV) identifica una ventilazione sincronizzata a pressione positiva combinata, con l’applicazione di pressione positiva di fine espirazione (PEEP) sulle vie aeree, attraverso un’interfaccia non invasiva e pertanto senza necessità di intubazione endotracheale. Scopi principali della NIV sono l’incremento del volume corrente e della ventilazione alveolare, unitamente alla riduzione del lavoro respiratorio del paziente. La NIV utilizza dunque un’interfaccia esterna, che può essere rappresentata da diversi tipi di cannule nasali, maschere nasali o facciali, oppure da un casco (elmetto), i quali sono connessi a un apposito ventilatore per NIV o comunque a un ventilatore con controllo di pressione.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliografia
Grasso F, Engelberts D, Helm E et al (2008) Negative-pressure ventilation: Better oxygenation and less lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:412–418
De Luca D, Carnielli VP, Conti G et al (2010) Non-invasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation through nasal cannulae: Bench evaluation of efficacy and mechanics. Intensive Care Med Sep 21 [Epub ahead of print]
Bencault N, Boulair T (2001) Mortality rate attributed to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective case-control study. Crit Care Med 29:2303–2309
Girou E, Brun-Buisson C, Taille S et al (2003) Secular trends in nosocomial infections and mortality associated with noninvasive ventilation in patients with exacerbation of COPD and pulmonary edema. JAMA 290:2985–2991
Brochard L, Isabey D, Piquet J et al (1990) Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory pressure assistance with a face mask. N Engl J Med 323:1523–1530
Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F et al (2001) Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 344:481–487
Antonelli M, Conti G, Rocco M et al (1998) A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 339:429–435
Essouri S, Chevret L, Durand P et al (2006) Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: Five years of experience in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 7:329–334
Piastra M, De Luca D, Pietrini D et al (2009) Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in immuno-compromised children with ARDS: A feasibility study. Intensive Care Med 35:1420–1427
Muñoz-Bonet JI, Flor-Macian EM, Brines J et al (2010) Predictive factors for the outcome of noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 11:675–680
Bernet V, Hug MI, Frey B (2005) Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 6:660–664
Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C et al (2009) Predictive factors of noninvasive ventilation failure in critically ill children: A prospective epidemiological study. Intensive Care Med 35:527–536
Yanez LJ, Yunge M, Emilfork M et al (2008) A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 9:484–489
Padman R, Nadkarmi V, Von Nessen S et al (1994) Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in end-stage cystic fibrosis: A report of seven cases. Respir Care 39:736–739
Fortenberry JD, Del Toro J, Jefferson LS et al (1995) Management of pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency with bilevel positive pressure (BiPAP) nasal mask ventilation. Chest 108:1059–1064
Marino P, Rosa G, Conti G, Cogliati AA (1997) Treatment of acute respiratory failure by prolonged non-invasive ventilation in a child. Can J Anesth 44:727–731
Akingbola O, Palmisano J, Servant G et al (1994) Bi-PAP mask ventilation in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 22:A144
Piastra M, Antonelli M, Caresta E et al (2006) Noninvasive ventilation in childhood acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: A pilot study. Respiration 73:791–798
Piastra M, Antonelli M, Chiaretti A et al (2004) Treatment of acute respiratory failure by helmet-delivered non-invasive pressure support ventilation in children with acute leukemia: A pilot study. Intensive Care Med 30:472–476
Piastra M, Conti G, Caresta E et al (2005) Noninvasive ventilation options in pediatric myasthenia gravis. Paediatr Anaesth 15:699–702
Piastra M, De Luca D, Zorzi G et al (2008) Noninvasive ventilation in large postoperative flail chest. Pediatr Blood Cancer 51:831–833
Pancera CF, Hayashi M, Fregnani JH et al (2008) Noninvasive ventilation in immunocompromised pediatric patients: Eight years of experience in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 30:533–538
Teague WG (2003) Noninvasive ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit for children with acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Pulmonol 35:418–426
Teague WG, Lowe E, Dominick J, Lang D (1998) Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in critically ill children with status asthmaticus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:A542
Haggenmacher C, Biarent D, Otte F et al (2005) Non-invasive bi-level ventilation in paediatric status asthmaticus. Arch Pediatr 12:1785–1787
Antonelli M, Conti G, Pelosi P et al (2002) New treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: noninvasive pressure support ventilation delivered by helmet—a pilot controlled trial. Crit Care Med 30:602–608
Piastra M, De Luca D, Costa R et al (2010) Non-invasive ventilation with neurally adjusted respiratory assist (NAVA) in the recovery phase of severe ARDS and air leaks. Proceedings of 10th EPNV (European Pediatric-Neonatal Ventilation conference), Montreux, Switzerland
Evans TW (2001) International Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Organised jointly by the American Thoracic Society, the European Respiratory Society, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Societé de Réanimation de Langue Francaise, and approved by the ATS Board of Directors, December 2000. Intensive Care Med 27:166–178
American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Societé de Réanimation de Langue Francaise, and approved by the ATS Board of Directors (2001) International Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:283–291
Owen LS, Morley CJ, Davis PG (2008) Neonatal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: A survey of practice in England. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 93:F148–F150
Hird MF, Greenough A (1991) Comparison of triggering systems for neonatal patient triggered ventilation. Arch Dis Child 66:426–428
Moretti C, Giannini L, Fassi C et al (2008) Nasal flow-synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation to facilitate weaning in very low-birthweight infants: Unmasked randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Int 50:85–91
Beck J, Reilly M, Grasselli G et al (2009) Patient-ventilator interaction during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 65:663–668
de Winter JP, de Vries MA, Zimmermann LJ (2010) Clinical practice: Noninvasive respiratory support in newborns. Eur J Pediatr 169:777–782
Zinman R (1995) Tracheal stenting improves airway mechanics in infants with tracheobronchomalacia. Pediatr Pulmonol 19:275–281
Wormald R, Naude A, Rowley H (2009) Non-invasive ventilation in children with upper airway obstruction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 73:551–554
Fayon M, Donato L (2010) Tracheomalacia (TM) or bronchomalacia (BM) in children: Conservative or invasive therapy. Arch Pediatr 17:97–104
Keszler M (2009) INSURE, Infant Flow, Positive Pressure and Volume Guarantee-tell us what is best: Selection of respiratory support modalities in the NICU. Early Hum Dev 85(10 Suppl):S53–56
Trevisanuto D, Grazzina N, Ferrarese P et al (2005) Laryngeal mask airway used as a delivery conduit for the administration of surfactant to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Biol Neonate 87:217–220
Kribbs A, Pillekamp F, Hunseler C et al (2007) Early administration of surfactant in spontaneous breathing with nCPAP: feasibility and outcome in extremely premature infants (postmenstrual age δ27 weeks). Pediatr Anesth 17:364–369
De Paoli AG, Morley CJ, Davis PG et al (2002) In vitro comparison of nasal continuous positive airway pressure devices for neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 87:F42–45
Trevisanuto D, Grazzina N, Doglioni N et al (2005) A new device for administration of continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants: Comparison with a standard nasal CPAP continuous positive airway pressure system. Intensive Care Med 31:859–864
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Conti, G., De Luca, D., Piastra, M. (2012). Ventilazione non invasiva nell’insufficienza respiratoria in età pediatrica. In: Rianimazione in età pediatrica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2059-7_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2059-7_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2058-0
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2059-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)