Riassunto
La gestione delle vie aeree è una procedura quotidiana per il paziente che necessita di cure intensive e costituisce in alcuni casi la priorità da risolvere; resta comunque fondamentale dichiarare che, nell’approccio alla gestione della via aerea, occorre «garantire l’ossigenazione». Il paziente pediatrico è molto vulnerabile all’ipossia, la cui causa più frequente (85%) è l’ostruzione delle vie aeree. Nella maggior parte dei pazienti ricoverati in area intensiva, l’approccio alla via aerea si realizza con facilità e in sicurezza. La ventilazione in maschera consente un tempo organizzativo che migliora la sicurezza del paziente, mantiene una buona ossigenazione e la normocapnia e consente di verificare e prendere atto della presenza di eventuali criteri anatomo-funzionali di intubazione difficile. L’incidenza di intubazione difficile imprevista è del 5,8% nella popolazione adulta, ma non è chiaramente descritta per il bambino, dove peraltro sembra essere rara. Il registro delle intubazioni difficili del Children Hospital indica un’incidenza approssimativa dello 0,25%, valore probabilmente sottostimato in quanto si tratta di uno studio retrospettivo [1, 2].
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Baroncini, S., Pasini, L. (2012). Gestione delle vie aeree difficili. In: Rianimazione in età pediatrica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2059-7_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2059-7_18
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