Riassunto
La sanità moderna dipende enormemente dalla tecnologia e le innovazioni tecnologiche spostano continuamente i confini di ciò che può essere ottenuto con le indagini e i trattamenti. L’avvento della tomografia computerizzata, della risonanza magnetica e della tomografia a emissione di positroni consente opportunità diagnostiche senza precedenti, inimmaginabili 30 anni fa. I progressi nelle tecniche chirurgiche hanno trasformato alcune procedure. Per esempio, in precedenza, il trattamento dell’aneurisma aortico veniva condotto mediante apertura dell’addome, clampaggio e sostituzione di una sezione dell’aorta con una protesi sintetica (un tubo per sostituire e sostenere il tessuto aortico danneggiato). La riparazione a cielo aperto di un aneurisma aortico è un intervento lungo e complesso, con morbilità e mortalità elevate, e quando riesce comporta per molti pazienti un lungo e lento recupero. Grazie agli sviluppi della tecnologia e delle tecniche, questa procedura può oggi essere eseguita attraverso un approccio endovascolare minimamente invasivo, che consiste nell’inserire minuscoli strumenti nelle arterie femorali all’altezza dell’inguine, facendoli poi avanzare fino all’aorta dove viene posizionata l’endoprotesi. Nuovi progressi, come le endoprotesi fenestrate adattabili alla particolare anatomia del paziente, e l’impiego di tecniche chirurgiche robotizzate consentono anche una precisione e un controllo maggiori in un intervento che in precedenza era decisamente pericoloso, sebbene potenzialmente salvavita (Bicknell et al., 2009; Riga et al., 2009). Gli sviluppi delle tecniche chirurgiche e della tecnologia hanno cambiato radicalmente l’equilibrio tra rischi e benefici per il paziente.
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(2011). Tecnologia dell’informazione e riduzione dell’errore. In: Tartaglia, R., Albolino, S., Bellandi, T. (eds) La sicurezza del paziente. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1875-4_13
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