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Valutazione e gestione della violenza pp 233–247Cite as

Setting ospedalieri

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La violenza in contesti di degenza è ampiamente riconosciuta come un grave problema che richiede soluzioni basate sull’evidenza. Tra coloro che si occupano di salute mentale in contesti ambulatoriali, a maggior rischio di aggressioni sono gli psichiatri; in situazioni di ricovero, però, la gran parte delle aggressioni è mirata contro il personale infermieristico che lavora a maggior contatto con i pazienti psichiatrici (Tardiff, 1995). La professione di infermiere in un reparto pubblico psichiatrico è pericolosa; secondo uno studio di Love e Hunter (1996), ogni anno un infermiere su quattro subisce un danno a causa di un’aggressione da parte di un paziente. Gli operatori aggrediti subiscono stress emotivi oltre che fisici, come evidenziato dalle alte percentuali di abuso di sostanze, disturbi d’ansia, umore deflesso e burn-out lavorativo (Quintal, 2002). Anche i pazienti aggressivi ricoverati subiscono effetti negativi: l’isolamento e la contenzione sono metodi usati non di rado per gestire i comportamenti violenti, anche se il loro uso costituisce un rischio fisico per i pazienti e può essere psicologicamente controproducente (Frueh et al., 2005; Kaltiala-Heino et al., 2003). In passato una ricerca su diversi ambienti di ricovero ha mostrato in modo consistente che una piccola percentuale di pazienti è responsabile della maggioranza delle aggressioni (Kraus e Sheitman, 2004); questo sottogruppo di pazienti ripetitivamente aggressivi è dieci volte più propenso ad infliggere gravi ferite rispetto agli altri (Convit et al., 1990).

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Authors
  1. C. D. Quanbeck
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  2. B. E. McDermott
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Quanbeck, C.D., McDermott, B.E. (2014). Setting ospedalieri. In: Valutazione e gestione della violenza. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1738-2_13

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