Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and is increasingly linked to a subgroup of B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. On the strength of epidemiological data, emerging biological investigation, and clinical observations, HCV appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in a subset of patients. Morphologically, HCV-associated NHLs encompass a variety of histological subtypes, including marginal zone, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Remarkably, some HCV-associated NHLs are highly responsive to antiviral therapy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Butel JS (2000) Viral carcinogenesis: revelation of molecular mechanisms and etiology of human disease. Carcinogenesis 21:405–426
Tsai WL, Chung RT (2010) Viral hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogene 29:2309–2324
Raab-Traub N (1999) Epstein-Barr virus, lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharingeal carcinoma. In: Parsonnet J (ed) Microbes and malignancy. Infection as cause of human cancers. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 180–206
Martin D, Gutkind JS (2008) Human tumor-associated viruses and new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cancer. Oncogene 27(Suppl 2):S31–S42
Boxus M, Willems L (2009) Mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence and transformation. Br J Cancer 101:1497–1501
Ganem D (2010) KSHV and the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma: listening to human biology and medicine. J Clin Invest 120:939–949
Carbone M, Rizzo P, Pass HI (1997) Simian virus 40, poliovaccines and human tumors: a review of recent developments. Oncogene 15:1877–1888
Relman DA (1999) Chronic host-parasite interactions. In: Parsonnet J (ed) Microbes and malignancy. Infection as cause of human cancers. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 19–34
Sansonno D, Lauletta G, Montrone M et al (2006) Virological analysis and phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood lymphocytes of hepatitis C virus-infected patients with and without mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 143:288–296
Stamataki Z, Shannon-Lowe C, Shaw J et al (2009) Hepatitis C virus association with peripheral blood B lymphocytes potentiates viral infection of liver-derived hepatoma cells. Blood 113:585–593
Fung J, Lai CL, Yuen MF (2009) Hepatitis B and C virus-related carcinogenesis. Clin Microbiol Infect 15:964–970
Esteban JI, Sauleda S, Quer J (2008) The changing epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Europe. J Hepatol 48:148–162
Dammacco F, Gatti P, Sansonno D (1998) Hepatitis C virus infection, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: an emerging picture. Leuk Lymphoma 31:463–476
Vajdic CM, Grulich AE, Kaldor JM et al (2006) Specific infections, infection-related behavior, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1102–1108
Cowgill KD, Loffredo CA, Elissa SA et al (2004) Case-control study of non-Hodgin’s lymphoma and hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt. Int J Epidemiol 33:1034–1039
Seve P, Renaudier P, Sasco AJ et al (2004) Hepatitis C virus infection and B-cell non-Hodgin’s lymphoma: a cross-sectional study in Lyon, France. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1361–1365
Vallisa D, Berte R, Rocca A et al (1999) Association between hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and effects of viral infection on histologic subtype and clinical course. Am J Med 106:556–560
Pioltelli P, Gargantini L, Cassi E et al (2000) Hepatitis C virus in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. A reappraisal after a prospective case-control study of 300 patients. Lombart Study Group of HCV-Lymphoma. Am J Hematol 64:95–100
Montella M, Crispo A, Frigeri F et al (2001) HCV and tumors correlated with immune system: a case-control study in an area of hyperendemicity. Leuk Res 25:775–781
Mele A, Pulsoni A, Bianco E et al (2003) Hepatitis C virus and -cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an Italian multicenter case control study. Blood 102:996–999
Talamini R, Montella M, Crovatto M et al (2004) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and hepatitis C virus: a case-control study from northern and southern Italy. Int J Cancer 110:380–385
Mizorogi F, Hiramoto J, Nozato A et al (2000) Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Intern Med 39:112–117
Imai Y, Ohsawa M, Tanaka H et al (2002) High prevalence of HCV infection in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: comparison with birth cohort- and sex-matched blood donors in a Japanese population. Hepatology 35:974–976
Kim JH, Bang YJ, Park BJ et al (2002) Hepatitis B virus infection and B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in heatitis B endemic area: a case-control study. Jpn J Cancer 93:471–477
de Sanjose S, Nieters A, Goedert JJ et al (2004) Role of hepatitis C virus infection in malignant lymphoma in Spain. Int J Cancer 111:81–85
Zuckerman E, Zuckerman T, Levine AM et al (1997) Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 127:423–428
Engels EA (2007) Infectious agents as causes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:401–404
Morton LM, Engels EA, Holford TR et al (2004) Hepatitis C virus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based case-control study among Connecticut women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:425–430
Engels EA, Chatterjee N, Cerhan JR et al (2004) Hepatitis C virus infection and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results of the NCI-SEER multi-center case-control study. Int J Cancer 111:76–80
Giordano TP, Henderson L, Landgren O et al (2007) Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoproliferative precursor diseases in US veterans with hepatitis C virus. JAMA 297:2010–2017
Nieters A, Kallinowski B, Brennan P et al (2006) Hepatitis C and risk of lymphoma: results of the European multicenter case-control study EPILYMPH. Gastroenterology 131:1879–1886
de Sanjose S, Benavente Y, Vajdic CM et al (2008) Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among 4784 cases and 6269 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:451–458
Besson C, Canioni D, Lepage E et al (2006) Characteristics and outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in hepatitis C virus-positive patients in LNH 93 and LNH 98 Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte programs. J Clin Oncol 24:953–960
Waters L, Stebbing J, Mandalia S et al (2005) Hepatitis C infection is not associated with systemic HIV-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a cohort study. Int J Cancer 116:161–163
Franceschi S, Polesel J, Rickenbach M et al (2006) Hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: findings from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 95:1598–1602
Sansonno D, Dammacco F (2005) Hepatitis C virus, cryoglobulinaemia, and vasculitis: immune complex relations. Lancet Infect Dis 5:227–236
Ryan J, Wallace S, Jones P et al (1994) Primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:308–310
De Vita S, Sacco C, Sansonno D et al (1997) Characterization of overt B-cell lymphomas in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Blood 90:776–782
Pal S, Sullivan DG, Kim S et al (2006) Productive replication of hepatitis C virus in perihepatic lymph nodes in vivo: implications of HCV lymphotropism. Gastroenterology 130:1107–1116
Lescar J, Canard B (2009) RNA-dependent RNA polymerases from flaviviruses and Picornaviridae. Curr Opin Struct Biol 19:759–767
Sansonno D, Tucci FA, Lauletta G et al (2007) Hepatitis C virus productive infection in mononuclear cells from patients with cryoglobulinaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 147:241–248
Budkowska A (2009) Mechanism of cell infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV)–a new paradigm in virus-cell interaction. Pol J Microbiol 58:93–98
Sansonno D, Lotesoriere C, Cornacchiulo V et al (1998) Hepatitis C virus infection involves CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells in hepatitis C virus chronic carriers. Blood 92:3328–3337
Sansonno D, De Vita S, Cornacchiulo V et al (1996) Detection and distribution of hepatitis C virus-related proteins in lymph nodes of patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia and neoplastic or non-neoplastic lymphoproliferation. Blood 88:4638–4645
Irshad M, Dhar I (2006) Hepatitis C virus core protein: an update on its molecular biology, cellular functions and clinical implications. Med Princ Pract 15:405–4016
Koike K, Tsutsumi T, Fujie H et al (2002) Molecular mechanism of viral hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncology 62(Suppl 1):29–37
Hermine O, Lefrere F, Bronowicki JP et al (2002) Regression of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 347:89–94
Psyrri A, Papageorgiou S, Economopoulos T (2008) Primary extranodal lymphomas of stomach: clinical presentation, diagnostic pitfalls and management. Ann Oncol 19(12):1992–1999
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dammacco, F., Sansonno, D. (2012). The Higher Prevalence of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in HCV-Positive Patients with and Without Cryoglobulinemia. In: Dammacco, F. (eds) HCV Infection and Cryoglobulinemia. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1705-4_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1705-4_34
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1704-7
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1705-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)