Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prevention in Sports-related Injuries

  • Chapter
Orthopedic Sports Medicine

Abstract

Sports activities have become a part of the modern lifestyle and the number of related injuries has therefore increased dramatically. This chapter provides a brief review of injury prevention in the light of scientific evidence focusing on the knee, ankle, shoulder, and spinal joints as well as the associated muscles. The results obtained through prevention programs in reducing anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring injuries are highlighted as a model of sports-related injury prevention. The role of brace and proprioception is investigated for both the knee and the ankle joints and aging is analyzed as a factor predisposing to injury. The prevention of running injuries is discussed based on biomechanical and clinical analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wartburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS (2006) Health benefits and physical activities. The evidence. CMAJ 174:801–809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Conn JM, Annese JL, Gilchrist (2003) Sports and recreation related injury episodes in the US population, 1997–1999. Inj Prev 9:117–123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Frish A, Croiser JL, Urhausen A et al (2009) Injury risk factors and prevention initiatives in sports injuries Br Med Bul 209:92–95-121

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yard EE, Collins CL, Comstock RD (2009) A comparison of high school sports injury surveillance data reporting by certified athletic trainers and coaches. J Athl Train 44:645–652

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Darrow CJ, Collins CL, Yard EE et al (2009) Epidemiology of severe injuries among United States high school athletes: 2005–2007. Am J Sports Med 37:1798–805

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hewitt TH, Shultz S, Griffin LY (eds) (2009) Understanding and preventing noncontact ACL injury, Human Kinetics, Champaign, USA

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wright RW, Fetzer GB (2007) Bracing after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 455:162–168

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lam RY, Ng GY, Chien EP (2002) Does wearing a functional knee brace affect hamstring reflex time in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during muscle fatigue? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83:1009–1012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Patterson PE, Eason J (1996) The effects of prophylactic brace construction materials on the reactive responses of the MCL during repetitive impacts. J Athl Train 31:329–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baker BE, Van Hanswyk E, Bogosian St et al (1987) A biomechanical study of the static stabilizing effect of knee braces on medial stability. Am J Sports Med 15:566–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Salvaterra GF, Wang M, Morehouse CA, Buckley WE (1993) An in vitro biomechanical study of the static stabilizing effect of lateral prophylactic knee bracing on medial stability. J Athl Train 28:113–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cawley PW, France EP, Paulos LE (1991) The current state of functional knee bracing research. A review of the literature. Am J Sports Med 19:226–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Erickson AR, Yasuda K, Beynnon B et al (1993) An in vitro dynamic evaluation of prophylactic knee braces during lateral impact loading. Am J Sports Med 21:26–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. France EP, Paulos LE (1990) In vitro assessment of prophylactic knee brace function. Clin Sports Med 9:823–841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Paulos LE, Cawley PW, France EP (1991) Impact biomechanics of lateral knee bracing. The anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med 19:337–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pietrosimone BG, Grindstaff TL, Linens SW et al (2008) A systematic review of prophylactic braces in the prevention of knee ligament injuries in collegiate football players. J Athl Train 43:409–415

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Caraffa A, Cerulli G, Projetti M et al (1996) Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. A prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 4:19–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yoo JH, Lim BO, Ha M et al (2009) A meta-analysis of the effect of neuromuscular training on the prevention of the anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18:824–833

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Brophy RH, Silvers HJ, Mandelbaum BR (2010) Anterior cruciate ligament injuries: etiology and prevention. Sports Med Arthrosc 18:2–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Silvers H (2009) Components of prevention program. In: Hewitt TH, Shultz S, Griffin LY (eds) Understanding and preventing noncontact ACL injury. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL

    Google Scholar 

  21. Blazina ME, Kerlan RK, Jobe FW et al (1973) Jumper’s knee. Orthop Clin North Am 4:665–678

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. King JB, Perry DJ, Mourad K et al (1990) Lesions of the patellar ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72:46–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Renstrom P, Johnson RJ (1985) Overuse injuries in sports. A review. Sports Med 2:316–333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dixit S, DiFiori JP, Burton M et al (2007) Management of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Am Fam Physician 75:194–202

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fulkerson JP (2002) Diagnosis and treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain. Am J Sports Med 30:447–456

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Warden SJ, Hinman RS, Watson MA Jr et al (2008) Patellar taping and bracing for the treatment of chronic knee pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum 59:73–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Miller EA, Hergenroeder AC (1990) Prophylactic ankle bracing. Pediatr Clin North Am 37:1175–1185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hollis JM, Blasier RD, Flahiff CM (1995) Simulated lateral ankle ligamentous injury. Change in ankle stability. Am J Sports Med 23:672–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McCluskey GM, Blackburn TA Jr, Lewis T (1976) Prevention of ankle sprains. Am J Sports Med 4:151–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. McCluskey GM, Blackburn TA Jr, Lewis T (1976) A treatment for ankle sprains. Am J Sports Med 4:158–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Garrick JG, Requa RK (1973) Role of external support in the prevention of ankle sprains. Med Sci Sports 5:200–203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Laughman RK, Carr TA, Chao EY et al (1980) Three-dimensional kinematics of the taped ankle before and after exercise. Am J Sports Med 8:425–431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rovere GD, Clarke TJ, Yates CS et al (1988) Retrospective comparison of taping and ankle stabilizers in preventing ankle injuries. Am J Sports Med 16:228–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Capasso G, Maffulli N, Testa V (1989) Ankle taping: support given by different materials. Br J Sports Med 23:239–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rarick GL, Bigley G, Karst R et al (1962) The measurable support of the ankle joint by conventional methods of taping. J Bone Joint Surg Am 44(A):1183–1190

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sitler M, Ryan J, Wheeler B et al (1994) The efficacy of a semi rigid ankle stabilizer to reduce acute ankle injuries in basketball. A randomized clinical study at West Point. Am J Sports Med 22:454–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Jerosch J, Hoffstetter I, Bork H et al (1995) The influence of orthoses on the proprioception of the ankle joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 3:39–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Seroyer S, Nho Sm, Bach B et al (2010) The kinetic chain in overhead pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health 2:135–145

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ruotolo C, Penna J, Namkoong S et al (2003) Shoulder pain and the overhand athlete Am J Orthop 32:248–258

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Meyers JB, Laudner KG, Pasquale MR et al (2005) Scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 33:263–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB (2003) The disabled throwing shoulder. Spectrum of pathology. Part I Pathoanatomy and biomechanics. Arthroscopy 19:404–420

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB (2003) The disabled throwing shoulder. Spectrum of pathology: Part III The SICK scapula dyskinesis and the kinetic chain and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy 19:641–661

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T et al (2008) Core stability exercise principles. Curr Sports Med Rep 7:39–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zachazewski LE, Magee DJ, Quillens WS (eds) (1996) Athletic injuries and rehabilitation. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 599–622

    Google Scholar 

  45. Tomberlin JP, Saunders HD (1994) Evaluation treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Saunders Group, Chaska, MN, vol. 2 (3rd ed) 23:187–215

    Google Scholar 

  46. Heiderscheit BC, Sherry MA, Silder A et al (2010) Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 40:67–81

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Askling C, Karlsson J, Thorstensson A (2003) Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric overload. Scand J Med Sci Sports 13:244–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kraemer R, Knobloch K (2009) A soccer-specific balance training program for hamstring muscle and patellar and Achilles tendon injuries: an intervention study in premier league female soccer. Am J Sports Med 37:1384–1393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J et al (2008) Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med A 36:1469–1475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Zazulak B, Cholewicki J, Reeves NP (2008) Neuromuscular control of trunk stability: clinical implications for sports injury prevention. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 16:497–505

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T et al (2008) Core stability exercise principles. Curr Sports Med Rep 7:39–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gluck GS, Bendo JA, Spivak JM (2008) The lumbar spine and low back pain in golf: a literature review of swing biomechanics and injury prevention. The Spine J 8:778–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Smith CE, Nyland J, Caudill P et al (2008) Dynamic trunk stabilization: a conceptual back injury prevention program for volleyball athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 38:703–720

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Galloway MT, Jokl P (2000) Aging successfully: the importance of physical activities in maintaining health function. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 8:37–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Brown (1996) Limitation of sports participation in elderly. Sports Med Arthroscopy Rev 4:235–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Marabhan LG, Bauman PA, Kalman D et al (1998) Masters athletes: factors affecting performance. Sports Med 28:283–285

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kallinen M, Markku A (1995) Aging, physical activities and sports injuries. Sports Med 20:41–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Buckwalter JA, Woo SL-Y (1996) Age related changes in ligaments and joint capsules: implication for participation in sports. Sports Med Arthroscopy Rev pp 250–262

    Google Scholar 

  59. Johnston CA, Taunton JE, Lloyd Smith DR, McKenzie DC (2003) Preventing running injuries. Canadian Family Physician 49:1101–1109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Yeung EW, Yeung SS (2001) A systematic review of interventions to prevent lower limb soft tissues injuries. Br J Sports Med 35:383–389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Macera CA, Pate RR, Powell KE et al (1989) Predicting lower extremity lower limb injury among habitual runners. Arch Int Med 149:2565–2568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Mc Kenzie DC, Clement DB, Tauntoin JE (1985) Running shoes, orthotics and injuries. Sports Med 2:2334–2347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Shrier (1999) Stretching before exercise does not reduce the risk of local muscle injury. A critical review of basic science literature. Clin J Sports Med 9:221–927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Wen DY, Puffer JC, Shmalzried TP (1997) Lower extremity alignment and risk of overuse injuries in runners. Med Sci Sport Exc 29:1291–1298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Wen DY, Puffer JC, Shmalzried TP (1998) Injuries in runners. A prospective study of alignment. Clin Sports Med 8:187–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Craig DI (2008) Medial tibial stress syndrome: evidence-based prevention. J Athl Train 43:316–318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. L. Osti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Maffulli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences Unit of Orthopedics and Sports Traumatology, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy

    Fabrizio Margheritini

  2. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Mauriziano “Umberto I” Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Roberto Rossi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Osti, L., Maffulli, N. (2011). Prevention in Sports-related Injuries. In: Margheritini, F., Rossi, R. (eds) Orthopedic Sports Medicine. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1702-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1702-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1701-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1702-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation