Abstract
In children, the clavicle (collarbone) is one of the bones that is most susceptible to fracture. In most cases, immobilization is the preferred choice of treatment; only in exceptional cases does surgery prove necessary, and this is confined to cases where there is a simple fracture with exposure of the bone. Fractures in neonates may be caused by natural delivery, especially in macrosomic children weighing more than 4 kg, or by compression trauma of the shoulders in the course of dystocic delivery. In older children, the trauma most commonly responsible for fracture is a fall on the shoulder with direct trauma, or with an outstretched arm.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Suggested Readings
Bishop JY (2005) Pediatric shoulder trauma. Clin Orthop 432:41–48
Carson S, Woolridge DP, Colletti J, Kilgore K (2006) Pediatric upper extremity injuries. Pediatr Clin N Am 53:41–67
Cekanauskas E, Degliute R, Kalesinskas RJ (2003) Treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children, according to Gartland Classification. Medicina (Kaunas) 39(4):379–383
Chung KC, Spilson SV (2001) The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States. J Hand Surg Am 26(5):908–915
Gartland JJ (1959) Management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Surg Gynecol Obstet 109:145–154
Johari AN (1999) Remodelling of forearm fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 8:84–87
Judet H, Judet J (1974) Fractures et orthopedie de l’enfant. Maloine, Paris, pp 31–39
Kay RM, Skaggs DL (1998) The pediatric Monteggia fracture. Am J Orthop 27(9):606–609
Kubiak R, Slongo T (2002) Operative treatment of clavicle fractures in children: a review of 21 years. J Pediatr Orthop 22:736–739
Heal J, Bould M, Livingstone J et al (2007) Reproducibility of the Gartland classification for supracondylar humeral fractures in children. J Orthop Surg 15(1): 12–14
Heras J, Duran D, de la Cerda J et al (2005) Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Clin Orthop 432:57–64
Hovelius L, Augustini G, Fredin O et al (1996) Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78A: 1677–1686
Lee SS, Mahar AT, Miesen D, Newton PO (2002) Displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: Biomechanical analysis of percutaneous pinning techniques. J Pediatr Orthop 22(4):440–443
Magra M, Caine D, Maffulli N (2007) A review of epidemiology of paediatric elbow injuries in sports. Sports Med 37(8):717–735
Murray DW, Wilson-MacDonald J, Morscher E et al (1996) Bone growth and remodeling after fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 78B:42–50
Shim JS, Lee YS (2002) Treatment of completely displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children by cross-fixation with three Kirschner wires. J Pediatr Orthop 22(1):12–16
Vioreanu M, Sheehan E, Glynn A et al (2007) A new type of pediatric injury. Pediatrics 119:1294–1298
Vorlat P, De Boeck H (2003) Bowing fractures of the forearm in children: a long-term followup. Clin Orthop 413:233–237
Wilkes JA, Hoffer MM (1987) Clavicle fractures in head-injured children. J Orthop Trauma 1:55–58
Wu J, Perron AD, Miller MD et al (2002) Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. Am J Emerg Med 20:544–549
Wuff RN, Schmidt TL (1988) Carpal fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop 18:462–465
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barbuti, D., Pacciani, E., Cirillo, M., Magistrelli, A., Tanturri de Horatio, L. (2011). The Upper Limbs. In: Martino, F., Defilippi, C., Caudana, R. (eds) Imaging of Pediatric Bone and Joint Trauma. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1655-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1655-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1654-5
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1655-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)