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Tecniche convenzionali e avanzate di risonanza magnetica applicata alla malattia di Parkinson e sindromi parkinsoniane

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Malattia di Parkinson e parkinsonismi

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Riassunto

Il morbo di Parkinson (MP) è una malattia a carattere neurodegenerativo caratterizzata da sintomi motori extrapiramidali quali tremore, bradicinesia e rigidità. Inoltre, la MP si associa frequentemente a compromissione cognitiva e comportamentale, che si presume incrementino di circa 6 volte il rischio dei pazienti affetti da MP di sviluppare un quadro di demenza conclamata (Aarsland et al., 2001). Anche in assenza di una demenza diagnosticabile secondo i criteri del DSM-IV, la maggior parte dei pazienti con MP sviluppa una forma di decadimento cognitivo che, da un punto di vista psicometrico, è segnatamente caratterizzato da deficit delle funzioni esecutive e delle abilità visuo-spaziali (Janvin et al., 2003). Sebbene vi sia una chiara evidenza clinica di un alterato profilo neuropsicologico nei pazienti con MP, a oggi, solo pochi studi hanno investigato l’associazione tra compromissione cognitiva e danno tissutale cerebrale (Nagano-Saito et al., 2005). Tale scarsità di studi è probabilmente legata alla tradizionale visione secondo cui i. fenomeni neurodegenerativi alla base della MP non si accompagnano a pattern specifici di danno strutturale cerebrale rilevabili con tecniche di neuroimaging (Drayer et al., 1986; Huber et al., 1989). Inoltre, nel corso degli anni, vi è stata una crescente definizione clinica della MP e delle patologie neurodegenerative associate a parkinsonismo. Ad esempio, nel 1996, sono stati stabiliti i criteri diagnostici per la demenza a corpi di Lewy (DLB) (McKeith et al., 1996) come entità nosologica distinta dalla MP e dalla MP associata a demenza.

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  1. IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Roma

    Laura Serra & Marco Bozzali

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  1. Laura Serra
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  2. Marco Bozzali
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Serra, L., Bozzali, M. (2009). Tecniche convenzionali e avanzate di risonanza magnetica applicata alla malattia di Parkinson e sindromi parkinsoniane. In: Malattia di Parkinson e parkinsonismi. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1490-9_7

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