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Nutrizione parenterale in neonatologia

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Nutrizione parenterale in pediatria

Estratto

La nutrizione parenterale (NP) è diventata parte integrante della terapia di supporta nel neonato critico, soprattutto con prematurità estrema, e nel neonato in condizioni chirurgiche e ha contribuito in modo sostanziale al miglioramento dei risultati delle cure intensive anche in questa fascia di età. Le richieste metaboliche per una “rapida crescita a basse riserve nutrizionali”, tipica del neonato, rendono ancora maggiori i benefici di una buona nutrizione. In particolare, i soggetti con distress respiratorio grave, cardiopatie congenite, gravi malformazioni del tratto gastrointestinale o malattie infiammatorie sono candidati alla NP. Tuttavia, è importante considerare che la NP rappresenta una soluzione nutrizionale “non fisiologica” somministrata per una via “non fisiologica”, di conseguenza l’obiettivo principale consiste nell’iniziare appena possibile un’alimentazione enterale (con sondino naso-gastrico — SNG — o gavage) per favorire la maturazione dell’apparato digerente e la produzione di ormoni gastrointestinali. Per questo motivo, soprattutto nei neonati pretermine, la NP viene spesso associata fin dall’inizio a quantità più o meno modeste di nutrizione enterale con formule speciali (formule a base di aminoacidi, idrolisati oppure formule specifiche per prematuri).

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Savino, F., Tarasco, V. (2009). Nutrizione parenterale in neonatologia. In: Nutrizione parenterale in pediatria. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1380-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1380-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1379-7

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