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Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism

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Musculoskeletal Diseases 2009–2012

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Abstract

The parathyroid glands arise from the pharyngeal pouches; usually, there are four such glands but the incidence of a supernumerous gland is 2–5% [1, 2]. The parathyroid glands are usually localized behind the thyroid gland. The two behind the upper lobe are also called the superior glands or P4 (originating from the fourth pouch), and the two behind/beyond the lower lobe are also referred to as the inferior glands or P3 (originating from the third pouch) [1, 2]. It is worth noting that the location of normal inferior parathyroid glands is more variable than that of the superior glands, probably due to their longer developmental pathway and more difficult developmental migration process. Consequently, the P3 glands can be intrathyroidal, within the thyrothymic ligament, within the thymus, or in the mediastinum. The parathyroid glands are generally found in the peri-thyroid sheath but may also occur outside the thyroid capsule or, very rarely, in a subcapsular site [1–5].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine — PET Centre, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy

    Maria Cristina Marzola, Gaia Grassetto & Domenico Rubello

Authors
  1. Maria Cristina Marzola
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  2. Gaia Grassetto
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  3. Domenico Rubello
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology, Orthopedic University, Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland

    J. Hodler

  2. Kilchberg, Switzerland

    Ch. L. Zollikofer

  3. Zurich, Switzerland

    Ch. L. Zollikofer

  4. Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

    G. K. Von Schulthess

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Marzola, M.C., Grassetto, G., Rubello, D. (2009). Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism. In: Hodler, J., Zollikofer, C.L., Von Schulthess, G.K. (eds) Musculoskeletal Diseases 2009–2012. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1378-0_36

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1378-0_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1377-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1378-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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