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Special Aspects of Musculoskeletal Imaging in Children

  • Chapter
Musculoskeletal Diseases 2009–2012

Abstract

In children, the skeleton undergoes multiple changes with age. These age-related transformations determine the distribution of disease, the patterns of injury, and their imaging characteristics. During development, cartilage is converted to bone and hematopoietic marrow to fatty marrow. Most epiphyses and apophyses are cartilaginous at birth and become increasingly ossified [1]. Epiphyseal cartilage has intermediate signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and low signal intensity on water-sensitive images. Epiphyseal cartilage is normally hypointense along the body’s weight-bearing regions [2]. Within the epiphyseal cartilage there is no capillary network; instead, there are multiple vascular canals which contain the veins and arteries that bring nutrients to the chondrocytes [3]. These can be visible as parallel striations on neonatal sonograms, and Doppler interrogation demonstrates flow within them [4]. Following contrast administration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will show the vascular canals, which become arranged in a radial pattern as the ossification centers develop [5].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Diego Jaramillo

  2. Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA

    Paul K. Kleinman

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  1. Diego Jaramillo
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  2. Paul K. Kleinman
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology, Orthopedic University, Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland

    J. Hodler

  2. Kilchberg, Switzerland

    Ch. L. Zollikofer

  3. Zurich, Switzerland

    Ch. L. Zollikofer

  4. Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

    G. K. Von Schulthess

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Jaramillo, D., Kleinman, P.K. (2009). Special Aspects of Musculoskeletal Imaging in Children. In: Hodler, J., Zollikofer, C.L., Von Schulthess, G.K. (eds) Musculoskeletal Diseases 2009–2012. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1378-0_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1378-0_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

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  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1378-0

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