Riassunto
L’area che occupa la porzione centrale del tronco è nota come formazione reticolare. Per gran parte della sua estensione, questa area è occupata da aggregati di cellule sparse, diverse per tipo e dimensioni, e i sistemi di fibre che attraversano questo territorio sono parimenti organizzati in maniera alquanto diffusa. Il termine “formazione reticolare” si riferisce al fatto che i dendriti delle cellule in questa area sono disposti in fasci che insieme formano una struttura a forma di rete [161]. I sistemi di fibre che la attraversano decorrono negli interstizi di questa rete. La formazione reticolare è circondata dai nuclei dei nervi cranici, dai nuclei di proiezione sensoriale e dai lunghi sistemi di fibre ascendenti e discendenti. Per motivi di citoarchitettonica, di chemoarchitettonica e funzionali, la formazione reticolare del bulbo e del ponte è stata divisa in tre zone longitudinali [29] (Figg. 22.1, 22.2):
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1.
Una zona mediana e paramediana, costituita dai nuclei del rafe. I neuroni serotoninergici dei gruppi B1–B9 di Dahlström e Fuxe [43, 44] sono disposti nei nuclei del rafe e nell’adiacente formazione reticolare.
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2.
Una zona mediale, che contiene numerose cellule di grandi dimensioni, nota come campo tegmentale mediale.
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3.
Una zona laterale, una zona ampiamente parvocellulare, nota come campo tegmentale laterale.
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Nieuwenhuys, R., Voogd, J., van Huijzen, C., Papa, M. (2010). Formazione reticolare e gruppi cellulari monoaminergici e colinergici. In: Il sistema nervoso centrale. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1140-3_22
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