Skip to main content

Riassunto

La definizione di dolore adottata dalla Associazione Internazionale per lo Studio del Dolore recita: “Il dolore è un’esperienza sensoriale ed emozionale spiacevole, associata ad un attuale o potenziale danno tissutale, o descritta in termini di tale danno” [1], quindi ne sottolinea due aspetti fondamentali: la soggettività e la multidimensionalità. Infatti, l’esperienza del dolore risulta dal coinvolgimento di componenti fisiche, emotive e cognitive. Due modelli molto noti di teorizzazione dell’esperienza del dolore si basano sul riconoscimento, in un caso, di tre componenti principali: sensorialediscriminativa, motivazionale-affettiva e cognitivovalutativa [2]; nell’altro, di due fattori: intensità e interferenza con altre attività [3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 39.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliografia

  1. International Association for the Study of Pain. Subcommittee on taxonomy: Classification of chronic pain. Pain 1986; supplement 3: 135–138.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Melzack R. The McGill pain questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1975; 1: 277–299.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson KM, Syrijala KL, Cleeland CS. How to assess cancer pain, Handbook of pain assessment. Second edition. Edited by Turk D, Melzack R. New York, Guilford Press, 2001; 579–600.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Portenoy RK. Neuropathic pain, Pain management: Theory and practice. Edited by Portenoy RK, Kanner RM. Philadelphia, F.A. Davis, 1996; 81–125.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Caraceni A, Portenoy RK. Pain, Baker’s and Joint’s Clinical neurology on CD-Rom. Edited by Grigg R, Joynt RJ. New York, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Woolf CJ, Bennett GJ, Doherty M et al. Towards a mechanism-based classification of pain? Pain 1998; 77: 227–229.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Jensen TS, Baron R. Translation of symptoms and signs into mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Pain 2003; 102: 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Attal N, Fermanian C, Fermanian J et al. Neuropathic pain: are there distinct subtypes depending on the etiology or anatomical lesion? Pain 2008; 138: 343–353.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cassinari V, Pagni CA. Central Pain. A neurosurgical survey. Cambridge (Massachussets), Harvard University Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nurmikko T, Bowsher D. Somatosensory findings in postherpetic neuralgia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 135–141.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Boivie J, Leijon G, Johanson I. Central poststroke pain — a study of the mechanisms through analyses of the sensory abnormalities. Pain 1989; 37: 173–185.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Turk D, Melzack R. Handbook of pain assessment 2nd edition. New York, Guilford Press, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Caraceni A, Brunelli C, Martini C, Zecca E. La misurazione del dolore da cancro. Linee guida per una lettura aggiornata della letteratura, Contro il dolore. Stato dell’arte. Vol 1. Edited by Centro di studi e cultura contro il dolore. S.Donato Milanese, Excerpta Medica, 2002, pp. 1–102.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Galer BS, Jensen MP. Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain. Neurology 1997; 48: 332–338.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bennett M. The LANSS pain scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs. Pain 2001; 92: 147–157.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Potter J, Higginson IJ, Scadding JW et al. Identiffying neuropathic pain in patients with head and neck cancer: use of the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs scale. J Royal Soc Med 2003; 96: 379–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stanton-Hicks M, Janig W, Hassenbusch S et al. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: changing concepts and taxonomy. Pain 1995; 63: 127–133.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Harden N, Bruehl S, Galer BS et al. Complex regional pain syndrome: are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive. Pain 1999; 83: 211–219.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Baron R, Levine JD, Fields HL. Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain. Muscle and Nerve 1999; 22: 678–695.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Caraceni A. Evaluation and assessment of cancer pain and cancer pain treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45: 1067–1075.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Attal N, Cruccu G, Haanpaa M et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 1153–1169.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. McQuay H, Carroll D, Jadad AR et al. Anticonvulsants drugs for management of pain: a systematic review. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1047–1052.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sindrup SH, Jensen TS. Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: an update and effect related to mechanism of drug action. Pain 1999; 83: 389–400.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. McQuay H, Moore A. An evidence-based resource for pain relief. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Max MB. Antidepressants as analgesics, Pharmacological approaches in the treatment of chronic pain: new concepts and critical issues. Progress in pain research and management vol. 1. Edited by Fields HL, Liebeskind JC. Seattle, IASP Press, 1994, pp 229–246.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rowbotham MC, Goli V, Kunz NR et al. Venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain 2004; 110: 697–706.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Reuben SS, Makari-Judson G, Lurie SD. Evaluation of efficacy of the perioperative administration of venlafaxine XR in the prevention of postmastectomy pain syndrome. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004; 27: 133–139.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tasmuth T, Hartel B, Kalso E. Venlafaxine in neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Pain 2002; 6: 17–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wernicke JF, Pritchett YL, D’Souza DN et al. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology 2006; 67: 1411–1420.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Brosen K et al. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine is effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms. Pain 1990; 42: 135–144.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vestergaard K, Andersen G, Jensen TS. Treatment of central post-stroke pain with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Eur J Neurol 1996; 3(S5): 169.

    Google Scholar 

  32. McQuay HJ. Neuropathic pain: evidence matters. Eur J Pain 2002; 6 (SA): 11–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Swerdlow M, Cundill JG. Anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of lancinating pains. A comparison. Anesthesia 1981; 36: 1129–1132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Swerdlow M. Anticonvulsant drugs and chronic pain. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1984; 7: 51–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Leijon G, Boivie J. Central post-stroke pain a controlled trial of amitriptyline and carbamazepine. Pain 1989; 36: 27–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zakrzewska JM, Patsalos PN. Long-term cohort study comparing medical (oxcarbazepine) and surgical management of intractale trigeminal neuralgia. Pain 2002; 95: 259–266.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Dogra S, Beydoun S, Mazzola J et al. Oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pain 2005; 9: 543–554.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Wiffen P, Collins S, McQuay H et al. Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain (Cochrane Review), Oxford Updated software The Cochrane Library, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards K et al. Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280: 1831–1836.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rowbotham M, Harden N, Stacey B et al. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. A double blind randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280: 1837–1842

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rice ASC, Maton S, Postherpetic neuralgia study group. Gabapentin in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. Pain 2001; 94: 215–224.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Serpell M, Neuropathic Pain Study Group. Gabapentin in neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain 2002; 99: 557–566.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Morello C, Leckband S, Stoner C et al. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of gabapentin with amitriptyline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1931–1937.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Dirks J, Fredensborg BB, Christensen D et al. A randomized study of the effects of single dose gabapentin versus placebo on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after mastectomy. Anestesiology. 2002; 97: 537–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Fassoulaki A, Patris K, Sarantopoulos C et al. The analgesic effect of gabapentin and mexiletine after breast surgery for cancer. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 985–991.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Pandey C, Bose N, Garg G et al. Gabapentin for the treatmement of pain in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 1719–1723.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Eckhardt K, Ammon S, Hofmann U et al. Gabapentin enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 185–191.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Caraceni A, Zecca E, Martini C et al. Gabapentin as adjuvant to opioid analgesia for neuropathic cancer pain. J Pain Sympt Manage 1999; 17: 441–445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Caraceni A, Zecca E, Bonezzi C et al. Gabapentin as adjuvant to opioid analgesia in neuropathic cancer pain. A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, 8th Congress of the European Association for palliative care. The Hague, April 2–5, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lesser H, Sharma U, LaMoreaux L, Poole RM. Pregabalin relieves symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2004; 63: 2104–2110.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Dworkin RH, Corbin AE, Young JP jr et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Zakrzewska JM, Chaudhry Z, Nurmikko TJ, Patton DW, Mullens EL. lamotrigine (Lamictal) in refractory trigeminal neuralgia: results from a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over trial. Pain 1997; 73: 223–230.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Vestergaard K, Andersen G, Gottrup H et al. Lamotrigine for central poststroke pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Neurology 2001; 56: 184–190.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Eisenberg E, Lurie Y, Braker C et al. Lamotrigine reduces painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled study. Neurology 2001; 57: 505–509.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Simpson DM, Olney R, McArthur JC et al. A placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for painful HIV-associated neuropathy. Neurology 2000; 54: 2115–2119.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Finnerup N, Sindrup S, Bach F et al. Lamotrigine in spinal cord injury pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain 2002; 96: 375–383.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Gilron I, Booher S, Rowan J. Topiramate in trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial multiple crossover pilot study. Clinical Neuropharmacology 2001; 24: 109–112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Rowbotham MC, Manville N, Moreno-Lane M et al. Prospective study of levetiracetam for post-herpetic neuralgia painand allodynia. Neurology. 2003; 60 (suppl.): A513.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Pappagallo M. Newer antiepileptic drugs: possible uses in the treatment of neuropathic pain and migraine. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2506–2538.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Galer BS, Miller KV, Rowbotham MC. Response of pain to intravenous lidocaine differs based on clinical diagnosis and site of nervous system injury. Neurology 1993; 43: 1233–1235.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Rowbotham MC, Reisner L, Fields HL. Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1991; 41: 1024–1048.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Ferrante FM, Paggioli J, Cherukuri S et al. The analgesic response to intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 91–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Dejgard A, Petersen P, Kastrup J. Mexiletine for treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Lancet 1988; 1: 9–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Lindstrom P, Lindblom U. The analgesic effect of tocainide in trigeminal neuralgia. Pain 1987; 28: 45–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kieburtz K, Simpson DM, Yannoutsos C et al. A randomized trial of amitriptyline and mexiletine for painful neuropathy, in HIV infection. AIDS Clinical trial group 242 protocol team. Neurology 1998; 51: 1682–1688.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Rowbotham MC, Fields HL. Topical lidocaine reduces pain in post-herpetic neuralgia. Pain 1989; 38: 297–301.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Rowbotham MC, Davies PM, Fields HL. Topical lidocaine gel relieves postherpetic neuralgia. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 246–253.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Fromm GH, Terrence CF, Chattha AS. Baclofen in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: double-blind study and long-term follow-up. Annals of Neurology 1984; 15: 240–244.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Byas-Smith MG, Max MB, Muir J et al. Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage “enriched enrollement” design. Pain 1995; 60: 267–274.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Lechin F, van der Dijs B, Lechin ME et al. Pimozide therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. Archives of Neurology 1989; 9: 960–962.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Caccia MR. Clonazepam in facial neuralgia and cluster headache: clinical and electrophysiological study. European Neurology 1975; 13: 560–563.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mao J, Price DD, Mayer DJ. Mechanisms of hyperalgesia and morphine tolerance: a current view of their possible interaction. Pain 1995; 62: 259–274.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Mercadante S, Arcuri E, Tirelli W et al. Analgesic effect of intravenous ketamine in cancer patients on morphine therapy: a randomized controlled, double-blind, cross-over, double dose study. J Pain Sympt Manage 2000; 20: 246–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Eide PK, Jorum E, Stubhaug A et al. Relief of postherpetic neuralgia with the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid antagonist ketamine: a double-blind cross-over comparison with morphine and placebo. Pain 1994; 58: 347–354.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Fitzgibbon EJ, Viola R. Parenteral ketamine as an analgesic adjuvant for severe pain development and retrospective audit of a protocol for a palliative care unit. J Palliat Med 2005, 8: 49–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Lossignol DA, Obiols-Portis M, Body JJ. Successful use of ketamine for intractable cancer pain. Support Care Cancer 2005; 13: 188–193.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Nelson KA, Park KM, Robinowitz E, et al. High dose oral dextrometorphan versus pacebo i painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1997; 48: 1212–1218.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Sang C, Booher S, Gilron I et al. Dextrometorphan and memantine in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia. Anestesiology 2002; 96: 1053–1061.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Gilron I, Booher S, Rowan M et al. A randomized, controlled trial of high-dose dextromethorphan in facial neuralgias. Neurology 2000; 55: 964–971.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Maier C, Dertwinkel R, Mansourian N et al. Efficacy of the NMDA-receptor antagonist memantine in patients with chronic phantom limb pain — results of a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Pain 2003; 103: 277–283.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. American Academy of Neurology Ethics Law and Humanities Committee. Ethical considerations for neurologists in the management of chronic pain. Neurology 2001; 57: 2166–2167.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Perrot S, Bannwarth B, Bertin P et al. Use of morphine in non-malignant joint pain: the Limoges recommendations. The French Society for Rheumatology. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1999; 66: 571–576.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Portenoy RK, Foley KM, Inturrisi CE. The nature of opioid responsiveness and its implications for neuropathic pain: new hypotheses derived from studies of opioid infusions. Pain 1990; 43: 273–286.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Dellemijn PL. Randomized double-blind active-placebo-controlled cross-over trial of intravenous fentanyl in neuropathic pain. Lancet 1997; 349: 753–758.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Watson CP, Babul N. Efficacy of oxycodone in neuropathic pain: a randomized trial il postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1998; 50: 1837–1841.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Gimbel JS, Richards P, Portenoy RK. Controlled release oxycodone for pain in diabetic neuropathy. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2003; 60: 927–934.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M et al. Maintenance of the long-term effectiveness of tramadol in treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2000; 14: 65–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Boureau F, Legallicier P, Kabir-Ahmadi M. Tramadol in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2003; 104: 323–331.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Sindrup S, Andersen G, Madsen C et al. Tramadol relieves pain and allodynia in polyneuropathy: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Pain 1999; 83: 85–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Attal N, Guirimand F, Brasseur L et al. Effects of IV morphine in central pain. A randomized palcebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurology 2002; 58: 554–563.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Rowbotham MC, Twilling L, Davies PS et al. Oral opiod therpay for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain. New Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1223–1232.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Raja S, Haythornthwaite J, Pappagallo M et al. Opioids versus antidepressants in postherpetic neuralgia. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2002; 59: 1015–1021.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Portenoy RK, Foley KM. Chronic use of opioid analgesic in non-malignant pain: report of 38 cases. Pain 1986; 25: 171–186.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Portenoy RK. Opiod therapy for chronic non-malignant pain: current status. Edited by Fields HL, Liebeskind JC. Seattle, IASP Press, 1994, pp. 247–287.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Eisenberg E, McNicol ED, Carr DB. Opioids for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 3: CD006146.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Furlan AD, Sandoval JA, Mailis-Gagnon A et al. Opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: a meta-analysis of effectiveness and side effects. Can Med Assoc J 2006; 174: 1589–1594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Eisenberg E, McNicol ED, Carr DB. Efficacy of muopioid agonists in the treatment of evoked neuropathic pain: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pain 2006; 10: 667–676.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Hollingshead J, Duhmke RM, Cornblath DR. Tramadol for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 3: CD003726.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Anderson V, Burchiel K. A prospective study of longterm intrathecal morphine in the management of chronic non-malignant pain. Neurosurgery 1999; 44: 289–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Brown JA, Barbaro NM. Motor cortex stimulation for central and neuropathic pain: current status. Pain 2003; 104: 431–435.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. North RB, Kidd DH, Zahurak M et al. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic, intractable pain: experience over two decades. Neurosurgery. 1993; 32: 384–394.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Drouot X, Nguyen J, Peschanski M et al. The antalgic efficacy of chronic motor cortex stimulation is related to sensory changes in the painful zone. Brain 2002; 125.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Nashold BS, Ostdahl RH. Dorsal root entry zone lesions for pain relief. J Neurosurg 1979; 51: 59–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Samii M, Bear-Henney S, Ludemann W et al. Treatment of refractory pain after brachial plexus avulsion with dorsal root entry zone lesions. Neurosurgery 2001; 48: 1269–1277.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Hardy JR, Rees EAJ, Gwilliam B et al. A phase II study to establish the efficacy and toxicity of sodium valproate in patients with cancer-related neuropathic pain. J Pain Sympt Manage 2001; 21: 204–209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Caraceni, A., Martini, C., Zecca, E. (2009). Dolore neuropatico. In: Terapia delle malattie neurologiche. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1120-5_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1120-5_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1119-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1120-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics