Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epidemiology of Biliary Lithiasis

  • Chapter
Biliary Lithiasis

Abstract

Biliary lithiasis can be defined as the presence of concrements in the gallbladder, the biliary ducts, or both. These concrements can be stones (>3 mm) or biliary sludge containing particles of smaller size. Biliary lithiasis and gallstone disease are two exchangeable umbrella terms for the same condition. Gallstone disease can be asymptomatic or associated with chronic or acute symptoms. Symptomatic disease is more common when gallstones are present than when biliary sludge alone is present [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Jüngst C, Kullak-Ublick GA, Jüngst D (2006) Gallstone disease: microlithiasis and sludge. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20:1053–1062

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Thudichum JLW (1863) Treatise of gall-stones: their chemistry, pathology, and treatment. John Churchill and Sons, London

    Google Scholar 

  3. Shaffer EA (2006) Gallstone disease: epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20:981–996

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Reshetnikov OV, Ryabikov AN, Shakhmatov SG, Malyutina SK (2002) Gallstone disease prevalence in Western Siberia: cross-sectional ultrasound study versus autopsy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:702–707.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Attili AF, Carulli N, Roda E et al (1995) Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.C.O.L.). Am J Epidemiol 141: 158–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Muhrbeck O, Ahlberg J (1995) Prevalence of gallstone disease in a Swedish population. Scand J Gastroenterol 30:1125–1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Everhart JE, Khare M, Hill M, Maurer KR (1999) Prevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States. Gastroenterology 117:632–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Everhart JE, Yeh F, Lee ET et al (2002) Prevalence of gallbladder disease in American Indian populations: findings from the Strong Heart Study. Hepatology 35:1507–1512.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Thistle JL, Eckhart KL Jr, Nensel RE et al (1971) Prevalence of gallbladder disease among Chippewa Indians. Mayo Clin Proc 46:603–608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Williams CN, Johnston JL, Weldon KL (1977) Prevalence of gallstones and gallbladder disease in Canadian Micmac Indian women. Can Med Assoc J 117:758–760

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Galman C, Miquel JF, Perez RM et al (2004) Bile acid synthesis is increased in Chilean Hispanies with gallstones and in gallstone high-risk Mapuche Indians. Gastroenterology 126:741–748

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tseng M, Millikan R, Maurer KR et al (2000) Country of birth and prevalence of gallbladder disease in Mexican Americans. Ethn Dis 10:96–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Miquel JF, Covarrubias C, Villaroel L et al (1998) Genetic epidemiology of cholesterol cholelithiasis among Chilean Hispanics, Amerindians, and Maoris. Gastroenterology 115:937–946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen CH, Huang MH, Yang JC et al (2006) Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in an adult population of Taiwan: an epidemiological survey. J Gastroenterol of Hepatol 21:1737–1743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tung TH, Ho HM, Shih HC et al (2006) A population-based follow-up study on gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen, Taiwan. World J Gastroenterol 12:4536–4540

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nomura H, Kushiwagi S, Hayashi J et al (1988) Prevalence of gallstone disease in a general population of Okinawa, Japan. Am J Epidemiol 128:598–605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Biss K, Ho KJ, Mikkelson B et al (1971) Some unique biologic characteristics of the Masai of East Africa. N Engl J Med 284:694–699

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen CY, Lu CL, Huang YS et al (1998) Age is one of the risk factors in developing gallstone disease in Taiwan. Age Ageing 27:437–441

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Maurer KR, Everhart JE, Knowler WC et al (1990) Risk factors for gallstone disease in the Hispanic populations of the United States. Am J Epidemiol 131:836–844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Novacek G (2006) Gender and gallstone disease. Wien Med Wochenschr 156:527–633

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Timmer A, Ahrens W, Stegmaier C et al (2000) Risikofaktoren und Operationsraten des Gallensteinleidens. Ergebnisse einer bevölkerungsbezogenen Studie. Med Klin (Munich) 95:672–677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Richardson WS, Carter KM, Helm B et al (2002) Risk factors for gallstone disease in the laparoscopic era. Surg Endosc 16:450–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Attili AF, De Santis A, Attili F et al (2005) Prevalence of gallstone disease in first-degree relatives of patients with cholelethiasis. World J Gastroenterol 11:6508–6511

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Nürnberg D, Berndt H, Pannwitz H (1989) Familiäre Häufung von Gallensteinen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 114:1059–1063

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Grünhage F, Lammert F (2006) Gallstone disease. Pathogenesis of gallstones: a genetic perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20:997–1015

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bertomeu A, Ros E, Zambon D et al (1996) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and gallstones. Gastroenterology 111:1603–1610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Nakeeb A, Comuzzie AG, Martin L et al (2002) Gallstones: genetics versus environment. Ann Surg 235:842–849

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Premawardhena A, Fisher CA, Fathiu F et al (2001) Genetic determinants of jaundice and gallstones in haemoglobin E beta thalassaemia. Lancet 357:1945–1946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fraquelli M, Losco A, Visentin S et al (2001) Gallstone disease and related risk factors in patients with Crohn disease: analysis of 330 consecutive cases. Arch Intern Med 161:2201–2204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Conte D, Fraquelli M, Fornari F et al (1999) Close relation between cirrhosis and gallstones: cross-sectional and longitudinal survey. Arch Intern Med 159:49–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO) (1988) The epidemiology of gallstone disease in Rome, Italy. Part II. Factors associated with the disease. Hepatology 8:907–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sahi T, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hsieh CC, Lee IM (1998) Body mass index, cigarette smoking, and other characteristics as predictors of self-reported, physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease in male college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 147:644–651

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Friedman GD, Kannel WB, Dawber TR (1966) The epidemiology of gallbladder disease: observations in the Framingham Study. J Chron Dis 19:273–292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Thijs C, Knipschild P, Leffers P (1992) Is gallstone disease caused by obesity or by dieting? Am J Epidemiol 135:274–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kiewiet RM, Durian MF, van Leersum M, Hesp FL, van Vliet AC (2006) Gallstone formation after weight loss following gastric banding in morbidly obese Dutch patients. Obes Surg 16:592–596

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kobayashi T, Hisanaga M, Kanehiro H et al (2005) Analysis of risk factors for the development of gallstones after gastrectomy. Br J Surg 92:1399–1403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kaechele V, Wabitsch M, Thiere D et al (2006) Prevalence of gallbladder stone disease in obese children and adolescents: influence of the degree of obesity, sex, and pubertal development. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 42:66–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Mendez-Sanchez N, Chavez-Tapia NC, Motola-Kuba D et al (2005) Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease. World J Gastroenterol 11:1653–1657

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Torchio P, Corrao G, Gentile S et al (2004) Prevalence of gallstone disease and related risk factors in 889 diabetic subjects of southern Italy. Dig Liver Dis 36:698–699

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Chen CY, Lu CL, Lee PC et al (199) The risk factors for gallstone disease among senior citizens: an Oriental study. Hepatogastroenterology 46:1607–1612

    Google Scholar 

  41. Pagliarulo M, Fornari F, Fraquelli M et al (2004) Gallstone disease and related risk factors in a large cohort of diabetic patients. Dig Liver Dis 36:130–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mendez-Sanchez N, Bahena-Aponte J, Chavez-Tapia NC et al (2005) Strong association between gallstones and cardiovascular disease. Am J Gastroenterol 100:827–830

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Storti KL, Brach JS, FitzGerald SJ et al (2005) Physical activity and decreased risk of clinical gallstone disease among post-menopausal women. Prev Med 41:772–777

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Rimm EB et al (1999) A prospective study of coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. JAMA 281:2106–2112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Acalovschi M, Blendea D, Feier C et al (2003) Risk factors for symptomatic gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 98:1856–1860

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Volzke H, Baumeister SE, Alte D et al (2005) Independent risk factors for gallstone formation in a region with high cholelithiasis prevalence. Digestion 71:97–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Ure BM, Lefering R, Troidl H (1995) Costs of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Analysis of potential savings. Surg Endosc 9:401–406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bosch F, Wehrman U, Saeger HD, Kirch W (2002) Laparoscopic or open conventional cholecystectomy: clinical and economic considerations. Eur J Surg 168:270–277

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Steiner CA, Bass EB, Talamini MA et al (1994) Surgical rates and operative mortality for open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Maryland. N Engl J Med 330:403–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Escarce JJ, Chen W, Schwartz JS (1995) Falling cholecystectomy thresholds since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JAMA 273:1581–1585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Legorreta AP, Silber JH, Costantino GN et al (1993) Increased cholecystectomy rate after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JAMA 270:1429–1432

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany

    Stefan Sauerland

Authors
  1. Stefan Sauerland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sauerland, S. (2008). Epidemiology of Biliary Lithiasis. In: Biliary Lithiasis. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0763-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0763-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0762-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0763-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation