Abstract
The development and progression of cardiovascular disease can be regarded as a continuum (Fig. 1) [1]. Targeting different points within this continuum is therefore of major importance for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has become a key target in this regard, given that angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated as a pathogenic factor at many steps in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease [2, 3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Dzau V, Braunwald E (1991) Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: a workshop consensus statement. Am Heart J 121:1244–1263
Weber MA (2003) Angiotensin receptor blockers and the cardiovascular continuum: what future is indicated by recent successes? Eur Heart J Supplements 5(Suppl C):C1–C4
Burnier M, Brunner HR (2000) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Lancet 355:637–645
Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M et al (2004) Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 363:2022–2031
Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al (2002) Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For End point reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 359:995–1003
Thurmann PA, Kenedi P, Schmidt A et al (1998) Influence of the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension. Circulation 98:2037–2042
Malmquist K, Kahan T, Edner M et al (2001) Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in human hypertension with irbesartan. J Hypertens 19:1167–1176
Devereux RB, Dahlöf B, Kjeldsen SE et al (2003) Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 139:169–177
Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S et al (2003) Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan versus atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Circulation 108:684–690
Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Borsch-Johnsen K et al (2002) Risk of new-onset diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. J Hypertens 20:1879–1886
Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P et al (2003) Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Evaluation (ALPINE study). J Hypertens 21:1563–1574
Montalescot G, Collet JP (2005) Preserving cardiac function in the hypertensive patient: why renal parameters hold the key. Eur Heart J 26:2616–2622
Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB et al (2003) Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet 362:759–766
Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al (2003) The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 21:875–886
DREAM Trial Investigators (2006) Effect of ramipril on the incidence of diabetes. N Engl J Med 355:1551–1562
Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al (2001) Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 345:851–860
Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J et al (2001) The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 345:870–878
Viberti G, Wheeldon NM for the Microalbuminuria Reduction with Valsartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators (2002) Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 106:672–678
Keane WF, Lyle PA (2003) Recent advances in management of type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: lessons from the RENAAL study. Am J Kidney Dis 41(Suppl 3):S22–S25
Nakao N, Yoshimura A, Morita H et al (2003) Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361:117–124
Krum H, Carson P, Farsang C et al (2004) Effect of valsartan added to background ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure: results from Val-HeFT. Eur J Heart Fail 6:937–945
ESC Task Force (2005) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005). Eur Heart J 26:1115–1140
Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ et al (2003) Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 349:1893–1906
Dickstein K, Kjekshus J, and the OPTIMAAL Steering Committee, for the OPTIMAAL Study Group (2002) Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Lancet 360:752–760
ACC/AHA Task Force (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction — executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:671–719
Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E et al (2005) Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:712–719
Maggioni AP, Latini R, Carson PE et al (2005) Valsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Am Heart J 149:548–557
Healey JS, Baranchuk A, Crystal E et al (2005) Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:1832–1839
McMurray JJ, Califf R, Holman R et al (2004) Cardiologists should care about glucose: most people with cardiovascular disease or risk factors have diabetes or significant glycaemic abnormalities. Results of screening over 39,000 subjects for NAVIGATOR. Eur Heart J 25(Suppl):239 (abs)
Yusuf S (2002) From the HOPE to the ONTARGET and the TRANSCEND studies: challenges in improving prognosis. Am J Cardiol 89:18A–26A
Teo K, Yusuf S, Anderson C et al (2004) Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of 2 large, simple randomized trials evaluating telmisartan, ramipril and their combination in high-risk patients: the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (ONTARGET/TRANSCEND). Am Heart J 148:52–61
Carson P, Massie BM, McKelvie R et al (2005) The irbesartan in heart failure with preserved systolic function (I-PRESERVE) trial: rationale and design. J Cardiol Fail 11:576–585
Chaturvedi N, Sjoelie AK, Svensson A for the DIRECT Programme Study Group (2002) The DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme, rationale and study design. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 3:255–261
The Active Steering Committee; ACTIVE Investigators (2006) Rationale and design of ACTIVE: the atrial fibrillation clopidogrel trial with irbesartan for prevention of vascular events. Am Heart J 151:1187–1193
Disertori M, Latini R, Maggioni AP, Delise P (2006) Rationale and design of the GISSI-Atrial Fibrillation Trial: a randomized, prospective, multicentre study on the use of valsartan, an angiotensin II AT1-receptor blocker, in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence. J Cardiovasc Med 7:29–38
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this paper
Cite this paper
Perrone-Filardi, P. et al. (2007). Role of Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk: Clinical Guidelines. In: Gulizia, M.M. (eds) Current News in Cardiology. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0636-2_52
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0636-2_52
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0635-5
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0636-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)