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La riduzione di volume polmonare broncoscopica nell’enfisema

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Pneumologia interventistica
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L’enfisema è definito come una alterazione anatomica caratterizzata da persistente dilatazione degli spazi aerei distali ai bronchioli terminali, associata alla distruzione delle pareti alveolari, in assenza di fibrosi [1]. La principale conseguenza fisiopatologica di questa condizione anatomica è la perdita di ritorno elastico del polmone che costituisce il fattore più importante alla base della riduzione del flusso aereo espiratorio. I meccanismi con cui la diminuzione di elasticità del polmone determina riduzione del flusso aereo sono essenzialmente due: da un lato si verifica una ridotta pressione di spinta [2] che nella espirazione è principalmente sostenuta dalla capacità di retrazione elastica del parenchima polmonare, dall’altro la mancanza di trazione radiale sulle vie aeree provoca una riduzione di calibro dei vettori bronchiali stessi [3]. Deve inoltre essere ricordato che l’ostruzione al flusso è sostenuta anche da una alterazione intrinseca su base flogistica delle vie aeree, condizione che nell’enfisema in fase avanzata coesiste pressoché costantemente con le alterazioni del parenchima.

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Gasparini, S. (2007). La riduzione di volume polmonare broncoscopica nell’enfisema. In: Pneumologia interventistica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0556-3_43

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0556-3_43

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0555-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0556-3

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