Estratto
L’enfisema è definito come una alterazione anatomica caratterizzata da persistente dilatazione degli spazi aerei distali ai bronchioli terminali, associata alla distruzione delle pareti alveolari, in assenza di fibrosi [1]. La principale conseguenza fisiopatologica di questa condizione anatomica è la perdita di ritorno elastico del polmone che costituisce il fattore più importante alla base della riduzione del flusso aereo espiratorio. I meccanismi con cui la diminuzione di elasticità del polmone determina riduzione del flusso aereo sono essenzialmente due: da un lato si verifica una ridotta pressione di spinta [2] che nella espirazione è principalmente sostenuta dalla capacità di retrazione elastica del parenchima polmonare, dall’altro la mancanza di trazione radiale sulle vie aeree provoca una riduzione di calibro dei vettori bronchiali stessi [3]. Deve inoltre essere ricordato che l’ostruzione al flusso è sostenuta anche da una alterazione intrinseca su base flogistica delle vie aeree, condizione che nell’enfisema in fase avanzata coesiste pressoché costantemente con le alterazioni del parenchima.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliografia
Snider G, Thurlbeck W, Bengali Z (1985) The definition of emphysema: report of a National heart, lung and blood institute division of lung diseases workshop. Am Rev Respir Dis 132:182–185
Mead J, Tuner JM, Macklem PT, Little JB (1967) Significance of the relationship between lung recoil and maximum expiratory flow. J Appl Physiol 22:95–108
Dayman H (1951) Mechanics of airflow in health and in emphysema. J Clin Invest 30:1175–1190
Pellegrino R, Brusasco V (1997) Lung hyperinflation and flow limitation in chronic airway obstructon. Eur Respir J 10:543–549
Ranieri VM, Grasso S, Fiore T, Giuliani R (1996) Auto-positive end-espiratory pressure and dynamic hyperinflation. Clin Chest Med 17:379–394
Marchand E, Gayan-Ramirez G, De Leyn P et al (1999) Physiological basisof improvement after lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema: where are we? Eur Respir J 13:686–696
Wagner PD, Dantzker DR, Clausen JL, West JB (1977) Ventilation-perfusion inequality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Invest 59:203–216
Harris SP, Sciurba FC, Slivka WA et al (1997) Improved single breath gas distribution following lung volume reduction surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:A607
Brantigan OC, Mueller EA, Kress MB (1957) A surgical approach to pulmonary emphysema. Am Surg 23:789–804
Brantigan OC, Kress MB, Mueller EA (1961) The surgical approach to pulmonary emphysema. Dis Chest 39:485–501
Cooper JD, Trulock EP, Triantafillou AN et al (1995) Bilateral pneumonectomy (volume reduction) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 109:106–119
Sciurba FC, Rogers RM, Keenan RJ (1996) Improvement in pulmonary function and elastic recoil after lung-reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema. N Engl J Med 334:1095–1099
Keenan RJ, Landreneau RJ, Sciurba FC et al (1996) Unilateral thoracoscopic surgical approach for diffuse emphysema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 111:308–316
Criner GJ, Cordova FC, Furukawa S et al (1999) Prospective randomized trial comparing bilateral lung volume reduction surgery to pulmonary rehabilitation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:2018–2027
Geddes D, Davies M, Koyoama H et al (2000) Effect of lung-volume reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema. N Engl J Med 343:239–245
Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Curtis JL et al (2001) Short-term and long-term outcomes after bilateral lung volume reduction surgery: prediction by quantitativ CT. Chest 119:1337–1346
Stirling GR, Babidge WJ, Peacock MJ et al (2001) Lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema: a systematic review. Ann Thorac Surg 72:641–648
Yusen RD, Lefrak SS, Gierada DS et al (2003) A prospective evaluation of lung volume reduction surgery in 200 consecutive patients. Chest 123:1026–1037
National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group (2003) A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med 348:2059–2073
Mckenna RJ Jr, Fischel RJ, Brenner M et al (1996) Use of the Heimlich valve to shorten hospital stay after lung reduction surgery for emphysema. Ann Thorac Surg 61:1115–1117
Rendina EA, De Giacomo T, Venuta F et al (2003) Feasibility and safety of the airway bypass procedure for patients with emphysema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 125:1294–1299
Lausberg HF, Chino K, Patterson GA et al (2003) Bronchial fenestration improves expiratory flow in emphysematous human lung. Ann Thorac Surg 75:393–397
Brenner M, Hanna NM, Mina-Araghi R et al (2004) Innovative approach to lung volume reduction for emphysema. Chest 126:238–248
Choong CK (2006) Prolongation of patency of airway bypass stents with use of drug-eluting stents. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 131:60–64
Ingenito EP, Reilly JJ Jr, Mentzer SJ et al (2001) Bronchoscopic volume reduction: a safe and effectiv alternative to surgical therapy for emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:295–301
Ingenito EP, Berger RL, Henderson AC et al (2003) Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using tissue engineering principles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:771–778
Watanabe Y, Hiraki S, Araki M et al (1991) Bronchial embolization using dental impression material in a case of pyelo-bronchial fistula with Candida fungemia. J Jpn Soc Bronchol 13:607–610
Watanabe Y, Matsuo K, Tamaoki A et al (2003) Bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots. J Bronchol 10:264–267
Toma TP, Matsuo K, Tamaoki A et al (2002) Endoscopic bronchial occlusion with spigots in patients with emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:B9
McKenna RJ (2005) Bronchial blockers for lung volume reduction surgery. Where are we and where are we going? J Bronchol 12:67–68
Dillard D, Gonzalez X, DeVore L et al (2002) Evaluation of a novel intra-bronchial valve device to produce lung volume reduction. Proceedings of the 12th World Congress of Bronchology, Boston, Ma, p 77
Snell GI, Holsworth L, Borill ZL et al (2003) The potential for bonchoscopic lung volume reduction using bronchial prostheses: a pilot study. Chest 124:1073–1080
Toma TP, Hopkinson NS, Hiller J et al (2003) Bronchoscopic volume reduction with valve implants in patients with severe emphysema. Lancet 361:931–933
Wan IYP, Toma TP, Geddes DM et al (2006) Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction for end-stage emphysema. Report on the first 98 patients. Chest 129:518–526
Hopkinson NS, Toma TP, Hansell DM et al (2005) Effect of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise in emphysema. Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med 171:453–460
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gasparini, S. (2007). La riduzione di volume polmonare broncoscopica nell’enfisema. In: Pneumologia interventistica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0556-3_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0556-3_43
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0555-6
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0556-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)