Abstract
Various bone disorders can affect the ability of bone cells to structure organic and inorganic components. Avascularity can cause osteonecrosis, with death of haematopoietic cells, lipocytes and endothelial cells. Repair of osteonecrosis is the time needed for the process to replace necrotic bone. Callous fracture healing is a regenerative process consisting of three stages of inflammation: development of soft callus, of hard callus and remodelling [1, 2]. During inflammation, new blood vessels are induced, enhancing angiogenesis, which can be investigated by Doppler ultrasound. Following inflammation, fibrous and cartilaginous tissue known as soft callus develops, which can be observed by grey-scale ultrasound. In the hard callus stage, cartilaginous tissue converts to woven bone, which will finally be remodelled to lamellar bone.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burchardt H (1983) The biology of bone graft repair. Clin Orthop 174:28–42
Ostrum RF, Chao EY, Bassett CA et al (1994) Bone injury, regeneration and repair. In: Sheldon RS (ed) Orthopaedic Basis. Science. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, pp 277–324
Enneking WF, Eady JL, Burchardt H (1980) Autogenous cortical bone grafts in the reconstruction of segmental skeletal defects. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62:1039–1058
Schafer D, Jager K, Fricker R et al (1997) Quantitative monitoring of blood supply to knee joint transplants in dogs. Eur Surg Res 29:455–464
Bensusan JS, Davy DT, Goldberg VM et al (1991) The effects of vascularity and cyclosporin A on the mechanical properties of canine fibular autografts. J Biomech 25:415–420
Innis PC, Randolph MA, Paskert JP et al (1991) Related articles. Vascularized bone allografts: in vitro assessment of cell-mediated and humoral responses. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:315–325
Doi K, DeSantis G, Singer DI et al (1989) The effect of immunosuppression on vascularised allografts. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Br 71:576–582
Mathes DW, Randolph MA, Bourget JL et al (2002) Recipient bone marrow engraftment in donor tissue after long-term tolerance to a composite tissue allograft. Transplantation 73:1880–1885
Kirschner MH, Brauns L, Gonschorek O et al (2000) Vascularised knee joint transplantation in man: the first two years experience. Eur J Surg 166:320–327
Thompson RC Jr, Pickvance EA, Garry D (1993) Fractures in large-segment allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75:1663–1673
Lee WP, Yaremchuk MJ, Pan YC et al (1991) Relative antigenicity of components of a vascularized limb allograft. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:401–411
Muramatsu K, Doi K, Akino T et al (1997) Longer survival of rat limb allograft. Combined immunosuppression of FK-506 and 15-deoxyspergualin. Acta Orthop Scand 68:581–585
Gabl M, Pechlaner S, Lutz M et al (2004) Bilateral hand transplantation: bone healing under immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. J Hand Surg [Am] 29:1020–1027
Margreiter R, Brandacher G, Ninkovic M et al (2002) A double-hand transplant can be worth the effort! Transplantation 74:85–90
Menck J, Schreiber HW, Hertz T, Burgel N (1994) Angioarchitecture of the ulna and radius and their practical relevance. Langenbecks Arch Chir 379:70–75
Giebel GD, Meyer C, Koebke J, Giebel G (1997) Arterial supply of forearm bones and its importance for the operative treatment of fractures. Surg Radiol Anat 19:149–153
Wright TW, Glowczewskie F (1998) Vascular anatomy of the ulna. J Hand Surg [Am] 23:800–804
Dubernard JM, Owen E, Herzberg G et al (1999) Human hand allograft report on first 6 months. Lancet 17:1315–1320
Petruzzo P, Revillard JP, Kanitakis J et al (2003) First human double hand transplantation efficacy of a conventional immunosuppressive protocol. Clin Transplant 17:455–460
Jones JW, Gruber SA, Barker JH, Breidenbach WC (2002) Successful hand transplantation. One-year follow up. N Engl J Med 7:468–472
Piza-Katzer H, Ninkovic N, Pechlaner S et al (2002) Double hand transplantation functional outcome after 18 months. J Hand Surg [Br] 27:385–390
Tang L, Ebara S, Kawasaki S et al (2002) FK506 enhanced osteoblastic differentiation in mesenchymal cells. Cell Biol Int 26:75–84
Monegal A, Navasa M, Guanabens N et al (2001) Bone mass and mineral metabolism in liver transplant patients treated with FK506 or cyclosporine A. Calcif Tissue Int 68:83–86
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gabl, M. et al. (2007). Bone Healing in Hand Transplantation. In: Lanzetta, M., Dubernard, JM., Petruzzo, P. (eds) Hand Transplantation. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0374-3_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0374-3_35
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0373-6
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0374-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)