Abstract
Capital market efficiency is a matter of great interest for policymakers and investors in designing investment strategy. If efficient market hypothesis (EMH) holds true, it will prevent the investors to realize extra return by utilizing the inherent information of stocks. They will realize extra returns only by incorporating the extra risky stocks in their portfolios. While empirical tests of EMH and risk –return relationship are plentiful for developed stock markets, the focus on emerging stock markets like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc., began with the liberalization of financial systems in these markets. With globalization and deregulation, the enormous opportunities of investment in South Asian stock markets have attracted the domestic and foreign institutional investors in general, and to reduce their portfolio risk by diversifying their funds across the markets in particular.
The key to making money in stocks is not to get scared out of them.
Peter Lynch
This chapter draws from the author’s previous publication (Kumar & Dhankar, 2009), co-authored with Rakesh Kumar, Assistant Professor in the Department of Business Studies, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College (University of Delhi), New Delhi; originally published in VIKALPA: The Journal for Decision Makers, Vol. 34 No. 4. Copyright © 2009 Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the permission of the copyright holders and the publishers, SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aggarwal, R., & Rivoli, P. (1989). Seasonal and day of the week effects in four emerging stock markets. The Financial Review, 24(4), 541–550.
Aggarwal, R., Inclan, C., & Leal, R. (1999). Volatility in emerging markets. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 34(1), 33–55.
Akgiray, V. (1989). Conditional heteroskedasticity in time series of stock returns: Evidence and forecast. Journal of Business, 62(1), 55–80.
Bae, K.-H., & Karolyi, G. A. (1994). Good news, bad news and international spillovers of stock return volatility between Japan and the U.S. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 2(4), 405–438.
Balaban, E., Bayar, A., & Kan, O. B. (2001). Stock returns, seasonality and asymmetric conditional volatility in world equity markets. Applied Economic Letters, 8(4), 263–268.
Bekaert, G., & Harvey, C. R. (2000). Foreign speculator and emerging equity markets. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 565–613.
Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., & Lundblad, C. T. (2001). Emerging equity markets and economic development. Journal of Development Economics, 66(2), 465–504.
Bekaert, G., & Wu, G. (2000). Asymmetric volatility and risks in equity markets. The Review of Financial Studies, 13(1), 1–42.
Black, A., & Fraser, P. (1995). UK stock return: Predictability and business conditions. The Mancherster School of Economic & Social Studies, 63, 85–102.
Bollerslev, T., Chou, R. Y., & Kroner, K. F. (1992). ARCH modeling in finance: A review of the theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Econometrics, 52(1), 5–59.
Bracker, K., Docking, D. S., & Koch, P. D. (1999). Economic determinates of evolution in international stock market integration. Journal of Empirical Finance, 6(1), 1–27.
Brooks, C. (1998). predicting stock index volatility: Can market volume help? Journal of Forecasting, 17(1), 59–80.
Campbell, J. Y., & Hentschel, L. (1992). No news is good news: An asymmetric model of changing volatility in stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 31(3), 281–318.
Cheung, C. S., & Lee, J. (1993). Integration vs. segmentation in the Korean stock market. Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, 20(2), 267–273.
Cheung, Y. L., & Mak, S. C. (1992). A study of the international transmission of stock market fluctuation between the developed markets and Asian Pacific market. Applied Financial Economics, 2(1), 43–47.
Chiang, T. C., & Doong, S. C. (2001). Empirical analysis of stock returns and volatility: Evidence from seven Asian stock markets based on TAR-GARCH model. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 17(3), 301–318.
Corhay, A., & Rad, T. (1994). Statistical properties of daily returns: Evidence from European stock markets. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 21(2), 271–282.
Darrat, F. A., Zhong, M. (2001). Equity market integration and multinational trade agreements: The case of NAFTA. In Presentation to the 2001 Annual Meeting of Financial Management Association International, Toronto, Canada, October 17, 2001.
Dhankar, R. S., & Chakraborty, M. (2007). Non-linearities and GARCH effects in the emerging stock markets of South Asia. Vikalpa, 32(3), 23–37.
Dhankar, R. S., & Kumar, R. (2006). Risk-return relationship and effect of diversification on non-market risk: Application of market index model in Indian stock market. Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 19(2), 22–31.
Engle, R., & Ng, V. K. (1993). Measuring and testing the impact of news on volatility. Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1749–1778.
Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica, 50(4), 987–1007.
Ewing, B. T., Payne, J. E., & Sowell, C. (1999). NAFTA and North American stock market linkages: An empirical note. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(2), 443–451.
Faff, W. F., & Mckenzie, M. D. (2007). The relationship between implied volatility and autocorrelation. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 3(2), 191–196.
de Jong, F., & de Roon, F. (2001). Time varying market integration and expected returns in emerging markets. Discussion Paper Series: Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, December.
French, K. R., Schwert, G. W., & Stambaugh, R. F. (1987). Expected stock returns and volatility. Journal of Financial Economics, 19(1), 3–29.
Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R., & Runkle, D. (1993). On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1779–1801.
Hamao, Y., Masulis, R., & Ng, V. (1990). Correlations in price changes and volatility across international stock markets. Review of Financial Studies, 3(2), 281–307.
Ho, R. Y.-K., & Cheung, Y.-L. (1994). Seasonal pattern in volatility in Asian stock markets. Applied Financial Economics, 4(1), 61–67.
Jarrett, J., & Kyper, E. (2005). Daily variation, capital market efficiency and predictability stock market returns. Management Research News, 28(8), 34–47.
Jarrett, J., & Kyper, E. (2006). Capital market efficiency and the predictability of daily returns. Applied Economics, 38(6), 631–636.
Johnson, R. A., & Soenen, L. (2002). Asian economic integration and stock market co-movement. Journal of Financial Research, 25(1), 141–157.
Johnson, R. A., & Soenen, L. (2003). Economic integration and stock market comovemnet in the Americas. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 13(1), 85–100.
Karmakar, M. (2005). Modeling conditional volatility of the indian stock markets. Vikalpa, 30(3), 21–37.
Karolyi, G. A., & Stulz, R. M. (1996). Why do markets move together? An investigation of U.S.-Japan stock return co-movements. Journal of Finance, 51(3), 951–986.
King, M., Sentara, E., & Wadhwani, S. (1994). Volatility and links between national stock markets. Econometrica, 62(4), 901–933.
King, M., & Wadhwani, S. (1990). Transmission of volatility between stock markets. Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 5–33.
Kumar, K. K., & Mukhopadyay, C. (2002). Equity market inter linkages: Transmission of volatility-a case of US and India. NSE, India Research Paper, Source. www.nseindia.com.
Kumar, R., & Dhankar, R. S. (2009). Asymmetric volatility and cross correlations in stock returns under risk and uncertainty. VIKALPA: The Journal for Decision Makers, 34(4), 25–36.
Kumar, R. (2007). Economic growth and volatility in Indian stock market: A critical analysis. South Asian Journal of Management, 14(2), 47–59.
Lee, I. (1992). Stock market seasonality: Some evidence from the Pacific-Basin countries. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 19(2), 199–210.
Liu, S. Z., Lin, K. C., & Lai, S. M. (2006). Stock market interdependence and trade relations: A correlation test for the U.S. and Its trading partners. Economics Bulletin, 7(5), 1–15.
Masih, A. M. M., & Masih, R. (2001). Long and short term dynamic causal transmission among international stock markets. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20(4), 563–587.
McClure, K. G., Clayton, R., & Hofler, R. A. (1999). International capital structure differences among G7 nations: A current empirical view. The European Journal of Finance, 5(2), 141–164.
Moorkejee, R., & Yu, Q. (1999). Seasonality in returns on the Chinese stock markets: The case of Shanghai and Shenzhen. Journal of Finance, 50(4), 93–105.
Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a capital asset market. Econometrica, 34(4), 768–783.
Mukherjee, K., & Mishra, R. K. (2007). International stock market integration and its economic determinates: A study of Indian and world equity markets. Vikalpa, 32(4), 29–44.
Nath, G. C., & Verma, S. (2003). Study of common stochastic trend and co-integration in the emerging markets: A case of India, Singapore and Taiwan. NSE Research paper, www.nseindia.com.
Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347–375.
Pandey, I. M. (2002). Seasonality of Monthly stock returns: The Indian evidence. Journal of Applied Finance, 8(6), 53–67.
Pretorius, E. (2002). Economic determinates of emerging stock market interdependence. Emerging Markets Review, 3(1), 84–105.
Sasaki, H., Satoshi, Y., & Takamasa, H. (1999). The globalization of financial markets and monetary policy. Paper presented in the Bank for International Settlements, Annual Autumn Meeting, 25–26 October.
Schwert, G. W. (1990). Stock volatility and the crash of 87. Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 77–102.
Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425–442.
Sheng, H. C., & Tu, A. H. (2000). A study of co-integration and variance decomposition among national equity indices before and during the period of the Asian financial crisis. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 10(3–4), 345–365.
Tsay, R. S. (1998). Testing and modeling multivariate threshold models. Journal of American Statistical Association, 93(443), 1188–1202.
Wu, G. (2001). The determinates of asymmetric volatility. The Review of Financial Studies, 14(3), 837–859.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature India Private Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dhankar, R.S. (2019). Correlation, Uncertainty and Investment Decisions. In: Risk-Return Relationship and Portfolio Management. India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3950-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3950-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-3948-2
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-3950-5
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)