Abstract
Flocculation and flocculant settling are discussed. Expressions for contacts between particles due to differential settling and velocity gradients are deduced. Computation of removal of flocculant solids from their settling column test data is demonstrated.
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Notes
- 1.
Settling column analysis for discrete suspension, advocated by Camp, and settling column analysis for flocculant suspension, advocated by Eckenfelder and O’Connor, differ in their modes of analysis. Both the methods have inadequacies in their own terms. Elimination of these inadequacies ends up in a single method. To avoid repetition, the inadequacies in both of the methods and a single mode of analysis for both are presented in Chap. 8.
References
Camp TR, Stein PC (1943): Velocity gradients and internal work in fluid motion. J Boston Soc Civil Eng 30:219
Eckenfelder WW Jr, O’Connor DJ (1957): Biological waste treatment. Pergamon Press, New York
Smoluchowski M (1917): Versuch einer mathe matischen Theory der Koagulationskinetik Kolloider Losungen, Z. phys.chem92(129):pl55
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Notations
Notations
- D :
-
Depth
- t :
-
Time
- d :
-
Diameter of particle
- v :
-
Settling velocity of particle
- n :
-
Numerical density of particles
- N :
-
Total number of particles
- τ :
-
Shear stress and also the vertical distance between two particles
- u :
-
Flow velocity
- V :
-
Volume of the element
- μ :
-
Coeff. of viscosity
- G :
-
Mean temporal velocity gradient
- \( {C}_n \) :
-
Concentration of the nth isoconcentration curve
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De, A. (2017). Flocculant Settling. In: Sedimentation Process and Design of Settling Systems. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3634-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3634-4_6
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