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Nanobiosensors

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Integrated Nanoelectronics

Part of the book series: NanoScience and Technology ((NANO))

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Abstract

A new generation of extra-ordinarily sensitive, fast-response devices utilizing the distinctive properties of nanomaterials or modulation of characteristics of nanoelectronic devices is described. Besides their ultrahigh sensitivities, these nanosensors exhibit much lower detection limits than their microscopic competitors. In these nanomaterials and nanosize sensing devices, the relevant analyte molecules bind with the functionalized surfaces of the concerned nanostructures, producing changes in the properties of materials or altering the characteristics of devices in accordance with the concentration of the target biomolecules. These molecular bindings constitute the basis for specificity in the detection of biological and chemical species. Perspectives of nanosensors based on gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires, and nanocantilevers are sketched.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MEMS and Microsensors Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India

    Vinod Kumar Khanna

Authors
  1. Vinod Kumar Khanna
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Correspondence to Vinod Kumar Khanna .

Review Exercises

Review Exercises

  1. 10.1

    Classify nanobiosensors: (a) from the viewpoint of type of excitation signal converted into electrical signal, (b) the biomolecule immobilized on the electronic platform, and (c) from nanotechnology perspective.

  2. 10.2

    Why are gold nanoparticles attractive to biosensor designers?

  3. 10.3

    The Kretschmann SPR configuration consists of a source of light, a prism, gold film, and detector. What role is played by gold nanoparticles in fabricating biosensors utilizing SPR?

  4. 10.4

    Distinguish between SPR and LSPR. How is the sensitivity of an SPR biosensor for detecting DNA hybridization affected by conjugating oligonucleotide probes with Au nanoparticles?

  5. 10.5

    Describe the operation of a fibre-optic LSPR biosensor for organophosphorous pesticide.

  6. 10.6

    In what ways does the behavior of magnetic nanoparticles differ from that of bulk particles? What is superparamagnetism? What special properties of magnetic nanoparticles make them suitable for biological applications?

  7. 10.7

    What is diagnostic magnetic resonance? Name a material from which the magnetic nanoparticles for DMR sensors are made.

  8. 10.8

    Name a material commonly used for making quantum dots. How can quantum dots be utilized for multiplexed analysis?

  9. 10.9

    What is the benefit of fabricating quantum dots in a core/shell structure?

  10. 10.10

    Define the following terms: (a) FRET , (b) BRET , (c) quenching by charge transfer, and (d) CRET .

  11. 10.11

    Describe the working of a QD FRET-based DNA nanosensor. How is the signal amplified by this structure?

  12. 10.12

    How is a BRET-based QD biosensor used for studying protease activity?

  13. 10.13

    Give an example of QD charge transfer-coupled biosensor.

  14. 10.14

    Explain the operation of CRET aptamer sensors for thrombin and ATP.

  15. 10.15

    How does the use of CNTs affect the sensitivity of biosensors? Describe a paraoxon sensor utilizing CNTs.

  16. 10.16

    What is the advantage obtained by decorating the surfaces of CNT-modified glassy carbon electrodes with metallic nanoparticles? Describe the operation of a glucose biosensor based on this structure.

  17. 10.17

    How a non-enzymatic sensor for H2O2 is constructed using silicon nanowires?

  18. 10.18

    How does a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor sensor work? Explain the operation of a DNA sensor using this structure. What is E-DNA? In what way is the use of E-DNA probes better than regular DNA probes?

  19. 10.19

    In what respects are SiNWs substrates with protein micro-patterns better than planar substrates for immunoassays based on IgG?

  20. 10.20

    Explain the role played by silver-coated SiNW arrays in SERS biosensor.

  21. 10.21

    What are two operational modes of a cantilever biosensor? Explain the operation of a cantilever-based glucose biosensor.

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© 2016 Springer India

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Khanna, V.K. (2016). Nanobiosensors . In: Integrated Nanoelectronics. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3625-2_10

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