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Role of CRP in Leishmaniasis

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Biology of C Reactive Protein in Health and Disease

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Abstract

Different types of leishmaniasis are differentiated by range and complexity of clinical expressions ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-terrorizing illness. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by an obligate intercellular parasite of the mononuclear phagocyte, Leishmania donovani, which causes a life-threatening disease. Leishmania during its stay in the human host have adapted to survive and proliferate in the host’s macrophages. The survival and proliferation of L. donovani in macrophages are largely due to the protection conferred by some family of glycosylinositol phospholipids or phosphoglycans on the cell surface or some secreted/expressed molecules of the host. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a prominent acute-phase protein of man. The serum concentration of CRP increases dramatically to nearly 10–1000-fold during inflammation following activation of hepatocytes by inflammatory cytokines. However, the function of CRP in inflammatory conditions and resistance to different infections is still less understood. CRP, a pattern recognition molecule, is present in host circulation. CRP binds to phosphorylcholine (PC) and some phosphorylated carbohydrates found on the surface of a number of microbes during their first entry into the mammalian host. Previously it was reported that CRP binds to the surface of L. donovani through their lipophosphoglycan (LPG) component and it increases the uptake of the parasite into host macrophages. Leishmania uses CRP to increase its infection without inducing any detrimental macrophage activation. The pathophysiology of different kinds of leishmaniasis was also abridged. CRP, being a phylogenetically conserved innate immune system recognition molecule, recognizes microbial determinants and components of damaged cells as an opsonin. CRP plays its effector function by activating the complement cascade and phagocytosis. A complete definition of the varied ligands used by CRP in recognizing the parasite is essential to understand its role in homeostasis and host defense. The main endeavor of this chapter is to unwind the functional significance of CRP in Leishmania infection, perpetuation, and survival in response to diverse host immune responses in the pathophysiology of its homeostatic mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Behala College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Waliza Ansar

  2. National Institute of Science Education, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Shyamasree Ghosh

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  1. Waliza Ansar
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  2. Shyamasree Ghosh
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Ansar, W., Ghosh, S. (2016). Role of CRP in Leishmaniasis. In: Biology of C Reactive Protein in Health and Disease. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2680-2_8

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