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Optical Coherence Tomography as Glucose Sensor in Blood

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Book cover Advances in Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Advanced Structured Materials ((STRUCTMAT,volume 79))

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography is a modern imaging modality that can visualize the biological tissues on micron levels. This chapter describes the use of OCT technique for measuring glucose in liquid phantoms, whole blood (in vitro and in vivo) based on temporal dynamics of light scattering. Whole blood smears imaged with microscope reveal the effect of red blood cells deformation and aggregation with white light microscope for animal and human blood. We found the changes in the shape of individual cells from biconcave discs to spherical shapes and eventually the lysis of the cells at optimum concentration of glucose. The increase of glucose in blood causes the changes in diffusion coefficients and shapes of the erythrocytes of glucose in stagnant and flowing fluids. The relative contributions of these competing effects have been studied by examining the motion dynamics of deformable asymmetrical RBCs and non deformable symmetrical PMS as flowing scattering particles. These systematic studies are aimed at eventual in vivo tissue imaging scenarios with speckle-variance OCT to visualize normal and malignant blood microvasculature in three and two dimensions and to monitor the glucose levels in blood by analyzing the Brownian motion of the red blood cells.

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Acknowledgments

Our own contributions in this chapter were supported by Higher Education Commission Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan and Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Canada. We would like to acknowledge all those authors whose results are included/cited in this work. We specially pay our thanks to Dr. Prof. Alex Vitkin, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada, who allowed me to conduct the experiments and discussed the results about the quantification of glucose levels in blood in his OCT laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laser and Optronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan

    Hafeez Ullah & Ejaz Ahmad

  2. Material Simulation Research Laboratory (MSRL), Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan

    Fayyaz Hussain

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  1. Hafeez Ullah
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  2. Ejaz Ahmad
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Correspondence to Hafeez Ullah .

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  1. Vice-Chancellor, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mushahid Husain

  2. Applied Sciences & Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Zishan Husain Khan

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Ullah, H., Ahmad, E., Hussain, F. (2016). Optical Coherence Tomography as Glucose Sensor in Blood. In: Husain, M., Khan, Z. (eds) Advances in Nanomaterials. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 79. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2668-0_12

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