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Genetic Manipulation in Plants for Mitigation of Climate Change pp 205–221Cite as

Impacts of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions on Plant-Insect Interactions

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Abstract

Human industrialization has steadily raised atmospheric levels of CO2 from 280 ppm prior to industrialization to current levels at 400 ppm and by 2050 are expected levels of 550 ppm. Climate change has important impacts on plant-insect interactions, and gaps in current understanding of plant responses to herbivory exist. Lately new empirical data has started to illuminate the mechanisms of the effects of elevated CO2 in plant-insect interactions. Research has shown that the resource allocation to allelochemicals is interconnected among photosynthesis, genetic regulation, and hormonal signaling. Recent molecular approaches have revealed that insect damage is perceived by plants, and the signal is amplified by the participation of regulatory elements modulated by JA and ET, which induce plant responses to increase chemical defenses against herbivores. Elevated CO2 inhibits JA and ET pathways and increases susceptibility of plants to herbivore attack by decreasing both constitutive and inducible chemical defenses against certain insects. Conversely, enriched atmospheric CO2 increases SA, which increases other chemical defense pathways that are not regulated by JA. Identifying how atmospheres with high CO2 levels moderate resource allocation to secondary metabolism would help to avoid any interference in natural plant defenses. In this chapter, we discuss current understanding of the mechanisms controlling insect herbivory pertaining to the global rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cátedra de Bioquímica/Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Facultad de Agronomía, University of Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Jorge A. Zavala

  2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA

    Linus Gog

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  1. Jorge A. Zavala
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  2. Linus Gog
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Correspondence to Jorge A. Zavala .

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  1. Center for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Pawan Kumar Jaiwal

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rana Pratap Singh

  3. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA

    Om Parkash Dhankher

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Zavala, J.A., Gog, L. (2015). Impacts of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions on Plant-Insect Interactions. In: Jaiwal, P., Singh, R., Dhankher, O. (eds) Genetic Manipulation in Plants for Mitigation of Climate Change. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2662-8_10

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