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Beneficial Effects and Molecular Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Legume and Nonlegumes

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Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity

Abstract

Endophytes colonize the plant inner tissues, commonly coming from the soil. Endophytes could be considered of two types, one having plant growth-promoting activity, while another type having the ability to fix nitrogen. Endophytic bacteria can stimulate plant growth directly through production of phytohormones and volatiles, enhance nutrient acquisition, and suppress stress-induced ethylene synthesis. Bacterial endophytes protect against disease, against abiotic stresses of salinity and heavy metals. Pathogenic, symbiotic nitrogen fixers and mycorrhiza coordinate sequential expression of plant or microbial genes. But in both types of endophytic association, partial interactions, signaling pathways, coordination, and gene expression of host and bacteria are known. To obtain nitrogen-fixing cereals, now emphasis has been shifted from rhizobia to actinorhizal symbiosis based on the recent studies on model legumes. Endophytic bacteria have been found in almost every plant studied. All plants may harbor one or more number of bacteria of genera mainly Bacillus, Paracoccus, Sphingomonas, Inquilinus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Brevibacillus, Staphylococcus, Lysinibacillus, Bosea, Rhodopseudomonas, Phyllobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Starkeya, Agromyces, Ornithinicoccus, Actinobacterium, Paenibacillus, Methylobacterium, Pedobacter, Aerococcus, Stenotro-phomonas, Streptomyces, Dyella, and others. Most of the endophytic isolates upon inoculation in different agricultural crops significantly increased plant growth under greenhouse conditions. This plant growth promotion is the result of many different factors that can act directly or indirectly. Efficacy of two endophytic bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis under field conditions showed that an increase up to 22.5 % in grain yield of chickpea was observed with Bacillus subtilis inoculation. However, inoculation with all the recommended biofertilizers – Mesorhizobium, PSB and PGPR – could increase up to 14.4 % grain yield in chickpea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India

    Surjit Singh Dudeja (Former Prof & Head, Guest Professor)

  2. Department of Bio- & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125 001, India

    Surjit Singh Dudeja (Former Prof & Head, Guest Professor)

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  1. Important Microorganisms, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dhananjaya Pratap Singh

  2. Dept of Mycology and Plant Pathology, In, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Harikesh Bahadur Singh

  3. Important Microorganisms, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally, Maunath Bhanjan, India

    Ratna Prabha

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Dudeja, S.S. (2016). Beneficial Effects and Molecular Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Legume and Nonlegumes. In: Singh, D., Singh, H., Prabha, R. (eds) Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2647-5_14

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