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Potential Molecular Targets: From Bench to Bedside

  • Chapter
Controversies in Oral Cancer

Part of the book series: Head and Neck Cancer Clinics ((HNCC))

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Abstract

The 5-year survival rates of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (~50 % at 5 years) have not improved significantly despite advances in multimodality therapy, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The current treatment strategies of chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT), which have been used routinely for the management of head and neck cancer (HNC), are deficient in a targeted approach and result in treatment-related toxicities and relapses. Molecular-targeted therapies with inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), either alone or in combination with conventional treatments, have shown limited improved efficacy. An in-depth understanding of the complex aberrant signalling pathways and networks in cancer has been achieved by advances in ‘omics’ and bioinformatics. The key deregulated signalling pathways in HNSCC include EGFR, Ras, tumour growth factor-beta (TGF-β), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), Wnt/β-catenin and PI3-K/Akt/mTOR. The aberrant activities of these interrelated signalling pathways contribute to the development of HNSCC. Knowledge of cross-talks between these cellular pathways and their networks will form the basis of developing new strategies for targeting multiple molecular components for more effective prevention and treatment of HNSCC. Major emphasis is being laid on designing new therapeutic strategies targeting multiple signalling pathways for more effective disease management. However, extrapolating in vitro findings to patient management often poses major challenges that limit the clinical efficacy of these strategies. This chapter discusses how understanding the deregulated signalling networks can explain the pitfalls in translating the laboratory findings from bench to bedside; novel approaches to overcome these problems in HNC will be suggested.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada

    Ajay Matta

  2. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto and Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, 600 University Avenue, Room 6-500, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada

    Ranju Ralhan

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Correspondence to Ranju Ralhan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    K. Alok Pathak

  2. Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Richard W. Nason

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Matta, A., Ralhan, R. (2012). Potential Molecular Targets: From Bench to Bedside. In: Pathak, K., Nason, R. (eds) Controversies in Oral Cancer. Head and Neck Cancer Clinics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2574-4_1

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