Abstract
India has now crossed the threshold into Middle Income Status. It is a nuclear power and has a space program. It has announced the formation of an agency to coordinate its aid donor activities. And yet India is the recipient of international aid as well. Can this configuration, on the face of it absurd, nevertheless make sense? This paper explores frameworks in which a Middle Income Country might go on receiving aid despite having crossed a poverty threshold on average. It begins with a discussion of “Global Rawlsianism” and its critics, most prominently Rawls himself, and assesses the moral salience of national level averages in determining global responsibility towards the poor in a country. The next section takes the perspective of Global Utilitarianism and discusses the allocation of global aid with the objective of poverty alleviation, and whether in this context it might make sense for a country to be a donor and a recipient of aid. Finally, the paper takes an operational perspective and discusses some of the key issues facing the international community in the next few years, including the nature of the replenishment of IDA, the World Bank’s concessional assistance window.
Cornell University: T.H. Lee Professor of World Affairs, International Professor of Applied Economics and Management, and Professor of Economics. Paper written for the Silver Jubilee Conference of the Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research, Mumbai, India, December, 2012.
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Notes
- 1.
Of course there are a number of technical issues involved here in terms of the different methods of constructing individual poverty lines and the per capital income thresholds which define MIC status.
- 2.
It can of course have operational significance—this will be taken up in the next section.
- 3.
This could happen, for example, if the aid was used to finance subsidies to food and fuel rations to the population in a country.
- 4.
Kanbur (1987).
- 5.
The analysis is more complicated if the objective is minimization of P 0.
- 6.
This is slightly different from the MIC threshold. A country crosses over to MIC status when its per capita income exceeds $1025 (2011 threshold).
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Kanbur, R. (2016). Can a Country Be a Donor and a Recipient of Aid?. In: Dev, S., Babu, P. (eds) Development in India. India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2541-6_5
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