Abstract
Cartilage covering the articulating surfaces of bones in diarthrodial joints provides for almost frictionless motion. If this tissue is damaged either due to traumatic injury or disease, it lacks the ability of self-repair. The goal of cartilage tissue engineering is to regenerate healthy hyaline cartilage by combining chondrocytes or stem cells with a variety of natural and synthetic scaffold materials. Chitin is one of the most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharides. Its deacetylated derivative chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable, and may retain functional characteristics that promote site-appropriate tissue reconstruction. This chapter includes methods for fabrication of chitosan-calcium phosphate (CHI–CaP) composite scaffolds, scaffold physical characteristics, as well as techniques for creation of cartilage/CHI–CaP biphasic constructs. Coating CHI–CaP scaffolds with type I collagen facilitates formation of a continuous layer of neocartilage with approximately uniform thickness over the cell-seeded area. Aspects of the scaffold’s degradation are also discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmed TA, Hincke MT (2014) Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue engineering strategies for repair of articular cartilage. Histol Histopathol 29(6):669–689
Toh WS, Lee EH, Guo X-M et al (2010) Cartilagr repair using hyaluronan hydrogel-encapsulated human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic cells,”. Biomaterials 31(27):6968–6980
Popa E, Reis R, Gomes M (2012) Chondrogenic phenotype of different cells encapsulated in κ-carrageenan hydrogels for cartilage regeneration strategies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 59(2):132–141
Kandel RA, Grynpas M, Pilliar R et al (2006) Repair of osteochondral defects with biphasic cartilage-calcium polyphosphate constructs in a sheep model. Biomaterials 27:4120–4131
Felt O, Carrel A, Baehni P et al (2000) Chitosan as a tear substitute: a wetting agent endowed with antimicrobial efficacy. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 16(3):261–270
Tsai G, Su W (1999) Antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan againt Escherichia coli. J Food Prot 62(3):239–243
Jayakumar R, Menon D, Manzoor K et al (2010) Biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan based nanomaterials—a short review. Carbohydr Polym 82(2):227–232
Zhang J, Xia W, Liu Ping et al (2010) Chitosan modification and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications. Open Access Marine Drugs 8:1962–1987
Majd S, Yuan Y, Mishra S et al (2009) Effects of material property and heat treatment on nanomechanical properties of chitosan films. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 90(1):283–289
Tangsadthakun C, Kanokpanont S, Sanchavanakit N et al (2007) The influence of molecular weight of chitosan on the physical and biological properties of collagen/chitosan scaffolds. J Biomater Sci Polymer Ed 18(2):147–163
Nettles DL, Elder SH, Gilbert JA (2002) Potential use of chitosan as a cell scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 8(6):1009–1016
Reves B, Bumgardner J, Cole J, Yang Y et al (2009) Lyophilization to improve drug delivery for chitosan-calcium phosphate bone scaffold construct: a preliminary investigation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 90(1):1–10
Croisier F, Jerome C (2013) Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue engineering. Eur Polymer J 49(4):780–792
Di Martino A, Sittinger M, Risbud MV (2005) Chitosan: a versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering. Biomaterials 26(30):5983–5990
Chesnutt B, Yuan Y, Buddington K et al (2009) Composite chitosa/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds induce osteocalcin production by osteoblasts in vitro and support bone formation in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 15(9):2571–2579
Chesnutt B, Viano A, Yuan Y et al (2009) Design and characterization of a novel chitosan/nanocrystalline calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater res A 88(2):491–502
Suh JK, Matthew HW (2000) Application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials 21(24):2589–2598
Oliveira JM, Rodrigues MT, Silva SS et al (2006) Novel hydroxyapatita/chitosan bilayered scaffold for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications: Scaffold design and its performance when seed with goat bone marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials 27:6123–6137
Elder SH, Gottipati A, Zelenka H et al (2013) Attachment, proliferation, and chondroinduction of mesenchymal stem cells on porous chitosan calcium phosphate scaffolds. The Open orthopaedics Journal 7:275–281
Tzaphlidou Margaret (2008) Bone Architecture: Collagen Structure and Calcium/Phosphorus Maps. J Biol Phys 34:39–49
Rusu V et al (2005) Size-controlled hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as self-organized organic-inorganic composite materials. Biomaterials 26(6):5414–5426
Elder S, Cooley A, Borazjani A et al (2009) Production of hyaline-like cartilage by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a self-assembly model. Tissue Eng Part A 15(10):3025–3036
Radic T, Haasters F (2011) Integrins α2β1 and α11β1 regulate the survival of mesenchymal stem cells on collagen I. Cell Death Dis 2(7) July 2011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gottipati, A., Elder, S.H. (2016). Composite Chitosan-Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. In: Dutta, P. (eds) Chitin and Chitosan for Regenerative Medicine. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2510-2
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2511-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)