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Functionalized Chitosan: A Quantum Dot-Based Approach for Regenerative Medicine

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Chitin and Chitosan for Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials ((SSPCM))

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Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are the semiconducting inorganic substances that form luminescent nanocrystals with unique optical properties. The formation of shell and or functionalization of it may be utilized as probes or carriers for target-specific cells or tissues for proper utilization in the field of regenerative medicine. Thus, the association of chitosan makes the entire body as biocompatible and suitable for optical stability in physiological environment. QDs-bound hybridization probe design reported for detection of intracellular pre-miRNA using chitosan poly(γ-glutamic acid) complex as a gene vector toward the progress and prognosis of cancer. It is also demonstrated that chitosan-based QD hybrid nanospheres can be internalized by tumor cells and hence act as labeling agent in cell imaging by optical microscopy. The challenge of such cell imaging in the field of molecular imaging is also being discussed. Overall, the interest in using chitosan–QDs in regenerative medicine and the current barriers to moving the technique into the clinic as great challenges will also be discussed.

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Abbreviations

AFt:

Apoferritin

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CMC:

Carboxymethyl chitosan

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

CD:

Cyclodextrin

DTG:

Dithioglycerol

DCC:

N,N′:dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DNA:

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

ECM:

Extracellular network

EDAC:

1-Ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

GNP:

Gold nanoparticle

GSH:

Glutathione

LA:

Lipoic acid

MPA:

Mercaptopropionic acid

MPS:

Mercaptopropyltris(methyloxy)silane

MSA:

Mercaptosuccinic acid

MUA:

Mercaptoundecanoic acid

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NHS:

N-Hydroxysuccinimide

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVK:

Polyvinylcarbazole

QDs:

Quantum Dots

RNA:

Ribose nucleic acid

SA:

Sialic acid

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TGA:

Thioglycolic acid

TGL:

Thioglycerol

TOP:

Trioctylphosphine

TOPO:

Trioctylphosphine oxide

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (HK) gratefully acknowledged the financial support from UGC, New Delhi and TEQIP-II, MNNIT Allahabad during his Ph.D.Thesis work.

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    Hridyesh Kumar & Pradip Kumar Dutta

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    Pradip Kumar Dutta

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Kumar, H., Dutta, P.K. (2016). Functionalized Chitosan: A Quantum Dot-Based Approach for Regenerative Medicine. In: Dutta, P. (eds) Chitin and Chitosan for Regenerative Medicine. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_12

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