Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication, Property, and Application of Lignin-Based Nanocomposites

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

Part of the book series: Advanced Structured Materials ((STRUCTMAT,volume 74))

Abstract

Lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer, has shown its immense potential as sustainable resources for the synthesis of nanocomposites . This chapter reviewed recent developments related to lignin-based nanocomposites, including the fabrication, properties, and applications of nanocomposites based on lignin and its derivatives. We introduced nanocomposites combining physical and chemical properties of lignin and organic materials such as biopolymer and synthetic polymer , and we discussed lignin-based metallic nanocomposites with preferable property and catalytic performance. Furthermore, lignin-based carbonaceous nanocomposites exhibiting enhanced electrical properties were illustrated. Other lignin-based nanocomposites were also presented in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adhikari BB, Gurung M, Alam S, Tolnai B, Inoue K (2013) Kraft mill lignin—A potential source of bio-adsorbents for gold recovery from acidic chloride solution. Chem Eng J 231:190–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adler E (1977) Lignin chemistry—past, present and future. Wood Sci Technol 11:169–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Admassie S, Elfwing A, Jager EWH, Bao Q, Inganas O (2014) A renewable biopolymer cathode with multivalent metal ions for enhanced charge storage. J Mater Chem A 2:1974–1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ago M, Jakes JE, Rojas OJ (2013) Thermomechanical properties of lignin-based electrospun nanofibers and films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals: A dynamic mechanical and nanoindentation study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:11768–11776

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alcantara GB, Paterno LG, Fonseca FJ, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Morais PC, Soler MAG (2013) Dielectric properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in ultrathin nanocomposite films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:19853–19861

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Arthanareeswaran G, Thanikaivelan P, Srinivasn K, Mohan D, Rajendran M (2004) Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies on cellulose acetate membranes with additive. Eur Polym J 40:2153–2159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bazargan A, Yan Y, Hui CW, McKay G (2013) A review: synthesis of carbon-based nano and micro materials by high temperature and high pressure. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:12689–12702

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bedanta S, Kleemann W (2009) Supermagnetism. J Phys D Appl Phys 42:013001

    Google Scholar 

  9. Benyettou F, Lalatonne Y, Chebbi I, Di Benedetto M, Serfaty JM, Lecouvey M, Motte L (2011) A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging nanoplatform for cancer theranostics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:10020–10027

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brdar M, Sciban M, Takaci A, Dosenovic T (2012) Comparison of two and three parameters adsorption isotherm for Cr(VI) onto Kraft lignin. Chem Eng J 183:108–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Buoro RM, Bacil RP, da Silva RP, da Silva LCC, Lima AWO, Cosentino IC, Serrano SHP (2013) Lignin-AuNp modified carbon paste electrodes-preparation, characterization, and applications. Electrochim Acta 96:191–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Carrott P, Ribeiro Carrott M (2007) Lignin–from natural adsorbent to activated carbon: A review. Bioresour Technol 98:2301–2312

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chen F, Zhou W, Yao H, Fan P, Yang J, Fei Z, Zhong M (2013) Self-assembly of NiO nanoparticles in lignin-derived mesoporous carbons for supercapacitor applications. Green Chem 15:3057–3063

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen L, Tang CY, Ning NY, Wang CY, Fu Q, Zhang Q (2009) Preparation and properties of chitosan/lignin composite films. Chin J Polym Sci 27:739–746

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen P, Zhang LN, Peng SP, Liao B (2006) Effects of nanoscale hydroxypropyl lignin on properties of soy protein plastics. J Appl Polym Sci 101:334–341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chung YL, Olsson JV, Li RJ, Frank CW, Waymouth RM, Billington SL, Sattely ES (2013) A renewable lignin-lactide copolymer and application in biobased composites. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 1:1231–1238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Coccia F, Tonucci L, Bosco D, Bressan M, d’Alessandro N (2012) One-pot synthesis of lignin-stabilised platinum and palladium nanoparticles and their catalytic behaviour in oxidation and reduction reactions. Green Chem 14:1073–1078

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Coccia F, Tonucci L, d’Alessandro N, D’Ambrosio P, Bressan M (2013) Palladium nanoparticles, stabilized by lignin, as catalyst for cross-coupling reactions in water. Inorg Chim Acta 399:12–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cokoja M, Bruckmeier C, Rieger B, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE (2011) Transformation of carbon dioxide with homogeneous transition-metal catalysts: A molecular solution to a global challenge? Angew Chem Int Ed 50:8510–8537

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cox PA (2010) Transition metal oxides: an introduction to their electronic structure and properties. Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  21. Decher G, Hong JD (1991) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process, 1 consecutive adsorption of anionic and cationic bipolar amphiphiles on charged surfaces, Makromolekulare Chemie Macromolecular Symposia. Wiley Online Library

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dong JQ, Shen Q (2009) Enhancement in solubility and conductivity of polyaniline with lignosulfonate modified carbon nanotube. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 47:2036–2046

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Donia AM, Atia AA, Elwakeel KZ (2007) Recovery of gold (III) and silver (I) on a chemically modified chitosan with magnetic properties. Hydrometallurgy 87:197–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. El Mansouri NE, Salvadó J (2007) Analytical methods for determining functional groups in various technical lignins. Ind Crop Prod 26:116–124

    Google Scholar 

  25. Elbakry A, Zaky A, Liebl R, Rachel R, Goepferich A, Breunig M (2009) Layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Nano Lett 9:2059–2064

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Feldmann C, Justel T, Ronda CR, Schmidt PJ (2003) Inorganic luminescent materials: 100 years of research and application. Adv Funct Mater 13:511–516

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fernandes D, Winkler Hechenleitner A, Job A, Radovanocic E, Gómez Pineda E (2006) Thermal and photochemical stability of poly (vinyl alcohol)/modified lignin blends. Polym Degrad Stab 91:1192–1201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Galli P, Vecellio G (2004) Polyolefins: The most promising large-volume materials for the 21st century. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 42:396–415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gao F, Wang Y, Shi D, Zhang J, Wang M, Jing X, Humphry-Baker R, Wang P, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M (2008) Enhance the optical absorptivity of nanocrystalline TiO2 film with high molar extinction coefficient ruthenium sensitizers for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 130:10720–10728

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Garcia Calvo-Flores F, Dobado JA (2010) Lignin as renewable raw material. Chemsuschem 3:1227–1235

    Google Scholar 

  31. Garlotta D (2001) A literature review of poly (lactic acid). J Polym Environ 9:63–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gosselink R, Abächerli A, Semke H, Malherbe R, Käuper P, Nadif A, Van Dam J (2004) Analytical protocols for characterisation of sulphur-free lignin. Ind Crop Prod 19:271–281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gosselink R, De Jong E, Guran B, Abächerli A (2004) Co-ordination network for lignin—standardisation, production and applications adapted to market requirements (EUROLIGNIN). Ind Crop Prod 20:121–129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Grance EGO, Souza FG, Varela A, Pereira ED, Oliveira GE, Rodrigues CHM (2012) New petroleum absorbers based on lignin-CNSL-formol magnetic nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 126:E304–E311

    Google Scholar 

  35. Graupner N (2008) Application of lignin as natural adhesion promoter in cotton fibre-reinforced poly (lactic acid)(PLA) composites. J Mater Sci 43:5222–5229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Guigo N, Vincent L, Mija A, Naegele H, Sbirrazzuoli N (2009) Innovative green nanocomposites based on silicate clays/lignin/natural fibres. Compos Sci Technol 69:1979–1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Guo X, Zhang S, Shan XQ (2008) Adsorption of metal ions on lignin. J Hazard Mater 151:134–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hambardzumyan A, Foulon L, Chabbert B, Aguie-Beghin V (2012) Natural organic UV-absorbent coatings based on cellulose and lignin: designed effects on spectroscopic properties. Biomacromolecules 13:4081–4088

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. He LH, Lin TT, Ling YH, Wu HJ, Lu QF (2013a) Preparation of polyaniline-lignin nanocomposites and their reducing adsorption for silver ions. Acta Polym Sin:320–326

    Google Scholar 

  40. He ZW, Lü QF, Zhang JY (2011) Facile preparation of hierarchical polyaniline-lignin composite with a reactive silver-ion adsorbability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:369–374

    Google Scholar 

  41. He ZW, Yang J, Lu QF, Lin Q (2013) Effect of Structure on the Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Carbon Micro/Nanospheres Prepared from Lignin-Based Composites. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 1:334–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Heeger AJ (2001) Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The fourth generation of polymeric materials. Rev Mod Phys 73:681–700

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hilburg SL, Elder AN, Chung H, Ferebee RL, Bockstaller MR, Washburn NR (2014) A universal route towards thermoplastic lignin composites with improved mechanical properties. Polymer 55:995–1003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Huang HX, Chen SX, Yuan CE (2008) Platinum nanoparticles supported on activated carbon fiber as catalyst for methanol oxidation. J Power Sources 175:166–174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ishizu K, Tsubaki K, Mori A, Uchida S (2003) Architecture of nanostructured polymers. Prog Polym Sci 28:27–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jairam S, Tong ZH, Wang LT, Welt B (2013) Encapsulation of a biobased lignin-saponite nanohybrid into polystyrene co-Butyl acrylate (PSBA) latex via miniemulsion polymerization. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 1:1630–1637

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Jiang C, He H, Jiang H, Ma L, Jia DM (2013) Nano-lignin filled natural rubber composites: Preparation and characterization. Express Polym Lett 7:480–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jiang N, Xu Y, Dai Y, Luo W, Dai L (2012) Polyaniline nanofibers assembled on alginate microsphere for Cu2+ and Pb2+ uptake. J Hazard Mater 215:17–24

    Google Scholar 

  49. Johnston JH, Nilsson T (2012) Nanogold and nanosilver composites with lignin-containing cellulose fibres. J Mater Sci 47:1103–1112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jonker G (1959) Analysis of the semiconducting properties of cobalt ferrite. J Phys Chem Solids 9:165–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Khodja AA, Sehili T, Pilichowski JF, Boule P (2001) Photocatalytic degradation of 2-phenylphenol on TiO2 and ZnO in aqueous suspensions. J Photochem Photobiol, A 141:231–239

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kiziltas A, Gardner DJ, Han Y, Yang HS (2011) Thermal properties of microcrystalline cellulose-filled PET–PTT blend polymer composites. J Therm Anal Calorim 103:163–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kriaa A, Hamdi N, Srasra E (2010) Removal of Cu (II) from water pollutant with Tunisian activated lignin prepared by phosphoric acid activation. Desalination 250:179–187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kubo S, Kadla JF (2003) The formation of strong intermolecular interactions in immiscible blends of poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and lignin. Biomacromolecules 4:561–567

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kumar M (2000) A review of chitin and chitosan applications. React Funct Polym 46:1–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Lü QF, Huang ZK, Liu B, Cheng X (2012) Preparation and heavy metal ions biosorption of graft copolymers from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin and amino acids. Bioresour Technol 104:111–118

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lü QF, Luo JJ, Lin TT, Zhang YZ (2014) Novel lignin-poly(N-methylaniline) composite sorbent for silver ion removal and recovery. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 2:465–471

    Google Scholar 

  58. Lü QF, Wang C, Cheng X (2010) One-step preparation of conductive polyaniline-lignosulfonate composite hollow nanospheres. Microchim Acta 169:233–239

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lü QF, Zhang JY, He ZW (2012) Controlled preparation and reactive silver-ion sorption of electrically conductive poly (N-butylaniline)–lignosulfonate composite nanospheres. Chem - Eur J 18:16571–16579

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lai C, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wu XF, Zhu Z, Fong H (2014) Free-standing and mechanically flexible mats consisting of electrospun carbon nanofibers made from a natural product of alkali lignin as binder-free electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. J Power Sources 247:134–141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lee Y, Park TG (2011) Facile fabrication of branched gold nanoparticles by reductive hydroxyphenol derivatives. Langmuir 27:2965–2971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Li H, Fu SY, Peng LC, Zhan HY (2012) Photocatalytic nanocomposite films fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles and lignosulfonates. Chin J Chem 30:1605–1610

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Li H, Liu H, Fu S, Zhan H (2011) Surface hydrophobicity modification of cellulose fibers by layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonates. BioResources 6:1681–1695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Li SM, Sun SL, Ma MG, Dong YY, Fu LH, Sun RC, Xu F (2013) Lignin-based carbon/CePO4 nanocomposites: Solvothermal fabrication, characterization, thermal stability, and luminescence. BioResources 8:4155–4170

    Google Scholar 

  65. Li X, Don Q, Huang M (2008) Highly effective sorption of heavy metal ions on polyaniline and its composites. Prog Chem 20:227–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Li XG, Zhou HJ, Huang MR (2004) Synthesis and properties of processable conducting copolymers from N-ethylaniline with aniline. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 42:6109–6124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Liu J, Jiang J, Bosman M, Fan HJ (2012) Three-dimensional tubular arrays of MnO2-NiO nanoflakes with high areal pseudocapacitance. J Mater Chem 22:2419–2426

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Liu T, Burger C, Chu B (2003) Nanofabrication in polymer matrices. Prog Polym Sci 28:5–26

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lora JH, Glasser WG (2002) Recent industrial applications of lignin: a sustainable alternative to nonrenewable materials. J Polym Environ 10:39–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ma MG, Zhu JF, Sun RC, Zhu YJ (2009) Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of CePO4/C core-shell nanorods. Mater Lett 63:2513–2515

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Mahmoud M, Saira F, El-Sayed M (2010) Experimental evidence for the nanocage effect in catalysis with hollow nanoparticles. Nano Lett 10:3764–3769

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Marangoni VS, Martins MVA, Souza JA, Oliveira ON Jr, Zucolotto V, Crespilho FN (2012) The processing of polyelectrolyte-covered magnetite nanoparticles in the form of nanostructured thin films. J Nanopart Res 14:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  73. Maximova N, Osterberg M, Laine J, Stenius P (2004) The wetting properties and morphology of lignin adsorbed on cellulose fibres and mica. Colloids Surf A 239:65–75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Milczarek G (2010) Kraft lignin as dispersing agent for carbon nanotubes. J Electroanal Chem 638:178–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Milczarek G, Inganas O (2012) Renewable cathode materials from biopolymer/conjugated polymer Interpenetrating networks. Science 335:1468–1471

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Milczarek G, Nowicki M (2013) Carbon nanotubes/kraft lignin composite: characterization and charge storage properties. Mater Res Bull 48:4032–4038

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Youngblood J (2011) Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 40:3941–3994

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Nenkova S, Velev P, Dragnevska M, Nikolova D, Dimitrov K (2011) Lignocellulose nanocomposite containing copper sulfide. BioResources 6:2356–2365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Nevarez LAM, Casarrubias LB, Celzard A, Fierro V, Munoz VT, Davila AC, Lubian JRT, Sanchez GG (2011) Biopolymer-based nanocomposites: effect of lignin acetylation in cellulose triacetate films. Sci Technol Adv Mater 12:045006

    Google Scholar 

  80. Nevarez LAM, Casarrubias LB, Canto OS, Celzard A, Fierro V, Gomez RI, Sanchez GG (2011) Biopolymers-based nanocomposites: Membranes from propionated lignin and cellulose for water purification. Carbohydr Polym 86:732–741

    Google Scholar 

  81. Notley SM, Norgren M (2009) Lignin: Functional biomaterial with potential in surface chemistry and nanoscience. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The nanoscience and technology of renewable biomaterials

    Google Scholar 

  82. Ogawa T, Ding B, Sone Y, Shiratori S (2007) Super-hydrophobic surfaces of layer-by-layer structured film-coated electrospun nanofibrous membranes. Nanotechnology 18:165607

    Google Scholar 

  83. Oksman K, Mathew A, Bondeson D, Kvien I (2006) Manufacturing process of cellulose whiskers/polylactic acid nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 66:2776–2784

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Paterno LG, Soler MA, Fonseca FJ, Sinnecker JP, Sinnecker EH, Lima EC, Novak MA, Morais PC (2009) Layer-by-layer assembly of bifunctional nanofilms: Surface-functionalized maghemite hosted in polyaniline. J Phys Chem C 113:5087–5095

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Pichon BP, Louet P, Felix O, Drillon M, Begin-Colin S, Decher G (2011) Magnetotunable hybrid films of stratified iron oxide nanoparticles assembled by the layer-by-layer technique. Chem Mater 23:3668–3675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Pradhan N, Pal A, Pal T (2002) Silver nanoparticle catalyzed reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Colloids Surf A 196:247–257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Privas E, Leroux F, Navard P (2013) Preparation and properties of blends composed of lignosulfonated layered double hydroxide/plasticized starch and thermoplastics. Carbohydr Polym 96:91–100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Roberts JC (1996) The chemistry of paper. The Royal Society of Chemisty

    Google Scholar 

  89. Rudnitskaya A, Evtuguin DV, Costa LC, Graca MPF, Fernandes AJS, Correia MRP, Gomes MTSR, Oliveira JABP (2013) Potentiometric chemical sensors from lignin-poly(propylene oxide) copolymers doped by carbon nanotubes. Analyst 138:501–508

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Ruiz-Rosas R, Bedia J, Lallave M, Loscertales IG, Barrero A, Rodriguez-Mirasol J, Cordero T (2010) The production of submicron diameter carbon fibers by the electrospinning of lignin. Carbon 48:696–705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Saad R, Hawari J (2013) Grafting of lignin onto nanostructured silica SBA-15: preparation and characterization. J Porous Mat 20:227–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Samal SK, Fernandes E, Corti A, Chiellini E (2014) Bio-based polyethylene–lignin composites containing a pro-oxidant/pro-degradant additive: Preparation and characterization. J Polym Environ 22:58–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Sevastyanova O, Qin W, Kadla JF (2010) Effect of nanofillers as reinforcement agents for lignin composite fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 117:2877–2881

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Singha AS, Thakur VK (2010) Mechanical, morphological, and thermal characterization of compression-molded polymer biocomposites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 15:87–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Singha AS, Thakur VK, Mehta IK, Shama A, Khanna AJ, Rana RK, Rana AK (2009) Surface-modified hibiscus sabdariffa fibers: Physicochemical, thermal, and morphological properties evaluation. Int J Polym Anal Charact 14:695–711

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Soler MA, Paterno LG, Morais PC (2012) Layer-by-layer assembly of magnetic nanostructures. J Nanofluids 1:101–119

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites. Carbohydr Polym 109:102–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide: A review. J Cleaner Prod 82:1–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Recent Advances in Graft Copolymerization and Applications of Chitosan: A Review. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 2:2637–2652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Thakur VK, Singha AS, Misra BN (2011) Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulosic biofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 122:532–544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2014) Review: Raw natural fiber-based polymer composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 19:256–271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Raghavan P, Kessler MR (2014) Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: A review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:1072–1092

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Thunga M, Chen K, Grewell D, Kessler MR (2014) Bio-renewable precursor fibers from lignin/polylactide blends for conversion to carbon fibers. Carbon 68:159–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Uğur ŞS, Sarııšık M, Aktaş AH (2011) Nano-TiO2 based multilayer film deposition on cotton fabrics for UV-protection. Fibers Polym 12:190–196

    Google Scholar 

  105. Von Werne T, Patten TE (1999) Preparation of structurally well-defined polymer-nanoparticle hybrids with controlled/living radical polymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 121:7409–7410

    Google Scholar 

  106. Wang L, Brazis P, Rocci M, Kannewurf CR, Kanatzidis MG (1998) Alpha-RuCl3: A new host for polymer intercalation. Lamellar polymer/alpha-RuCl3 nanocomposites, in: Laine RM, Sanchez C, Brinker CJ, Giannelis E (Eds.), Mater Res Soc Symp P 519:257–264

    Google Scholar 

  107. Wang X, Xie W, Hao C, Zhang P, Fu X, Si N (2013) Liquid phase synthesis of flower cluster-like ZnO via lignosite template and its photocatalytic property. Acta Metall Sin 49:1098–1104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Wang Y, Li X, Lu G, Quan X, Chen G (2008) Highly oriented 1-D ZnO nanorod arrays on zinc foil: direct growth from substrate, optical properties and photocatalytic activities. J Phys Chem C 112:7332–7336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Wu Q, Zhang L (2001) Properties and structure of soy protein isolate-ethylene glycol sheets obtained by compression molding. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:1879–1883

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Xiao S, Feng J, Zhu J, Wang X, Yi C, Su S (2013) Preparation and characterization of lignin-layered double hydroxide/styrene-butadiene rubber composites. Journal of Appl Polym Sci 130:1308–1312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Xu X, Zhou J, Jiang L, Lubineau G, Chen Y, Wu XF, Piere R (2013) Porous core-shell carbon fibers derived from lignin and cellulose nanofibrils. Mater Lett 109:175–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Yang KK, Wang XL, Wang YZ (2007) Progress in nanocomposite of biodegradable polymer. J Ind Eng Chem 13:485–500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Zhang JM, Zhang J (2010) Advanced functional materials based on cellulose. Acta Polym Sin:1376–1398

    Google Scholar 

  114. Zhong ZK, Sun XZS (2001) Properties of soy protein isolate/polycaprolactone blends compatibilized by methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Polymer 42:6961–6969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Zhu H, Lin X, Zhuo X, Zhang C (2011) Preparation and characterization of spherical lignin/polylactide composite adsorbent. Adv Mater Res 221:640–643

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Xiaoying Wang, Guocheng Han, Zuguang Shen & Runcang Sun

  2. China Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Runcang Sun

Authors
  1. Xiaoying Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guocheng Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zuguang Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Runcang Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Runcang Sun .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Vijay Kumar Thakur

  2. Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Manju Kumari Thakur

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wang, X., Han, G., Shen, Z., Sun, R. (2015). Fabrication, Property, and Application of Lignin-Based Nanocomposites. In: Thakur, V., Thakur, M. (eds) Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 74. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2473-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation