Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Eco-Friendly Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites: Chemistry and Applications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

Part of the book series: Advanced Structured Materials ((STRUCTMAT,volume 74))

Abstract

The deacetylated chitin derivative, chitosan (CS), as a linear polysaccharide having reactive side amino groups is among the favorite bio-based materials due to its nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties mucoadhesivity among other advantages. Chitosan as a hydrophilic biopolymer exhibits a variety of physicochemical and biological properties resulting in numerous applications in fields such as pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical, cosmetics, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, agriculture, textiles, food processing nutrition, etc. The mechanical properties and hardness of CS are frequently not enough to meet some of the biomedical applications requirements. The addition even of a very small amount of nanoparticles leads to obtain materials with improved mechanical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties targeted to particular application. The mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites as well as their biodegradability and applications are reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abdolmohammadi S, Yunus WMZW, Rahman MZAB, Ibrahim NA (2011) Effect of organoclay on mechanical and thermal properties of polycaprolactone/chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Reinf Plast Compos 30:1045–1054

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Akbari Z, Ghomashchi T, Moghadam S (2007) Improvement in food packaging packaging industry with bio-based nanocomposites. Int J Food Eng 3(4):1–24

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anirudhan TS, Saranya Gopal S, Sandeep S (2014) Synthesis and characterization of montmorillonite/N-(carboxyacyl) chitosan coated magnetic particle (MP) nanocomposites for controlled delivery of paracetamol. Appl Clay Sci 88–89:151–158

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anjum A, Seth CK, Datta M (2013) Removal of As3+ using chitosan-montmorillonite composite: sorptive equilibrium and kinetics. Adsorpt Sci Technol 31:303–324

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Arora A, Padua GW (2010) Review: nanocomposite in food packaging. J Food Sci 75(1):R43–R49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Averous L (2004) Biodegradable multiphase systems based on plasticized starch: a review. J Macromol Sci Part C Polym Rev 44:231–274

    Google Scholar 

  7. Azhar FF, Olad A, Salehi R (2014) Fabrication and characterization of chitosan–gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite–polyaniline composite with potential application in tissue engineering scaffolds. Des Monomers Polym 17:654–667

    Google Scholar 

  8. Blumstein A (1965) Polymerization of adsorbed monolayers: II. Thermal degradation of the inserted polymers. J Polym Sci A 3:65–73

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bodnar M, Hartmann JF, Borbely J (2005) Preparation and characterization of chitosan-based nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 6:2521–2527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Britto D, de Assis OBG (2007) Synthesis and mechanical properties of quaternary salts of chitosan-based films for food application. Int J Biol Macromol 4:198–203

    Google Scholar 

  11. Calvo P, Remunan-Lopez C, Vila-Jato JL, Alonso MJ (1997) Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers. J App Polym Sci 63:125–132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Casariego A, Souza BWS, Cerqueira MA, Teixeria JA, Cruz L, Díaz R, Vicente AA (2009) Chitosan/clay films’ properties as affected by biopolymer and clay micro/nanoparticles’ concentrations. Food Hydrocoll 23:1895–1902

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cheaburu CN, Vasile C, Duraccio D, Cimmino S (2009) Characterisation/Characterization of the Chitosan/layered silicate nanocomposites. Solid State Phenom 151:123–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen L, Subirade M (2005) Chitosan/b-lactoglobulin core–shell nanoparticles as nutraceutical carriers. Biomaterials 26:6041–6053

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chiu FC, Lai SM, Hsieh IC, Don TM, Huang CY (2012) Preparation and properties of chitosan/clay (nano)composites: a silanol quaternary ammonium intercalated clay. J Polym Res 19:9781

    Google Scholar 

  16. Chivrac F, Pollet E, Avérous L (2009) Progress in nano-biocomposites based on polysaccharides and nanoclays. Mater Sci Eng R 67:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cho Y-W, Jang J, Park CR, Ko S-W (2000) Preparation and solubility in acid and water of partially deacetylated chitins. Biomacromolecules 1:609–614

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cojocariu A, Profire L, Aflori M, Vasile C (2012) In vitro drug release from chitosan/Cloisite 15A hydrogels. Appl Clay Sci 57:1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cojocariu A, Profire L, Cheaburu C, Oprea A-M, Vasile C (2011) Evaluation of crosslinked chitosan hydrogels as carriers for prolonged delivery of some novel nitric oxide donor compounds based on theophylline and paracetamol. e Polym 11(1):334–351

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cojocariu A, Profire L, Cheaburu C, Vasile C (2012) Chitosan/montmorillonite composites as matrices for prolonged delivery of some novel nitric oxide donor compounds based on theophylline and paracetamol. Cellul Chem Technol 46:35–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cuq B, Gontard N, Guilbert S (1998) Proteins as agricultural polymers for packaging production. Cereal Chem 75:1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Darder M, Colilla M, Ruiz-Hitzky E (2003) Biopolymer—clay nanocomposites based on chitosan intercalated in montmorillonite. Chem Mater 15:3774–3780

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. de Azeredo HMC (2009) Nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Food Res Int 42:1240–1253

    Google Scholar 

  24. de Azeredo HMC (2013) Antimicrobial nanostructures in food packaging. Trends Food Sci Technol 30:56–69

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dmitriev BA, Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK (1975) Selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages: studies with the O-specific polysaccharide from Shigella dysenteriae type 3. Carbohydr Res 40:365–372

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Domard A, Domard M (2001) Chitosan: structure–properties relationship and biomedical applications. Polymeric biomaterials. Marcel Decker Incorporated, New York

    Google Scholar 

  27. Duan B, Dong C, Yuan X, Yao K (2004) Electrospinning of chitosan solutions in acetic acid with poly (ethylene oxide). J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 15:797–811

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Duncan TV (2011) Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 363:1–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Duncianu CN, Vasile C (2008) In: Proceedings of the polymer processing society 24th Annual Meeting—PPS-24, Salerno (Italy), June 15–19 2008

    Google Scholar 

  30. Edgar KJ, Buchanan CM, Debenham JS, Rundquist PA, Seiler BD, Shelton MC, Tindall D (2001) Advances in cellulose ester performance and application. Prog Polym Sci 26:1605–1688

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fan DH, Zhu XM, Xu MR, Yan JL (2006) Adsorption properties of chromium (VI) by chitosan coated montmorillonite. J Biol Sci 6:941–945

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Futalan CM, Tsai WC, Lin SS, Hsien KJ, Dalida ML, Wan MW (2012) Copper, nickel and lead adsorption from aqueous solution using chitosan-immobilized on bentonite in a ternary system. Sustain Environ Res 22(6):345–355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gaurav A, Ashamol A, Deepthi MV, Sailaja RRN (2012) Biodegradable nanocomposites of cellulose acetate phthalate and chitosan reinforced with functionalized nanoclay: mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability studies. J Appl Polym Sci 125(S1):e16–e26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Giannakas A, Grigoriadi K, Leontiou A, Barkoula NM, Ladavo A (2014) Preparation, characterization, mechanical and barrier properties investigation of chitosan–clay nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 108:103–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gross RA, Kalra B (2002) Biodegradable polymers for the environment. Science 297:803–807

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Guilbert S, Gontard N, Gorris LGM (1996) Prolongation) Prolongation of the shelf-life of perishable food products using biodegradable films and coatings. LWT-Food Sci Technol 29:10–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Günister E, Pestreli D, Ünlü CH, Atici O, Güngör N (2007) Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-MMT biocomposite systems. Carbohydr Polym 67:358–365

    Google Scholar 

  38. Han YS, Lee SH, Choi KH, Park I (2010) Preparation and characterization of chitosan–clay nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity. J Phys Chem Solids 71:464–467

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hatzigrigoriou NB, Papaspyrides CD (2011) Nanotechnology in plastic food-contact materials. J Appl Polym Sci 122:3720–3739

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hebeish AA, Ramadan MA, Montaser AS, Farag Ahmed M (2014) Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of chitosan-g-poly acrylonitrile/silver nanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 68:178–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hirano S (1996) Chitin biotechnology applications. Biotechnol Annu Rev 2:237–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hirano S (1999) Chitin and chitosan as novel biotechnological materials. Polym Int 48:732–734

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hong SI, Lee JH, Bae HJ, Koo SY, Lee HS, Choi JH et al (2011) Effect of shear rate on structural, mechanical, and barrier properties of chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite film. J Appl Polym Sci 119:2742–2749

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hsu SC, Don TM, Chiu WY (2002) Free radical degradation of chitosan with potassium persulfate. Polym Degrad Stab 75:73–83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hsu SH, Wang MC, Lin JJ (2012) Biocompatibility and antimicrobial evaluation of montmorillonite/chitosan nanocomposites. Appl Clay Sci 56:53–62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jason B, Marroquin JB, Rhee KY, Park SJ (2013) Chitosan nanocomposite films: enhanced electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 92(2):1783–1791

    Google Scholar 

  47. Jayakumar R, Nwe N, Tokura S, Tamura H (2007) Sulfated chitin and chitosan as novel biomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 40:175–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Johansson C (2011) Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. In: Mittal V (ed) Nanocomposites with biodegradable polymers. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kavithaa K, Suthaa S, Prabhua M, Rajendrana V, Jayakumar T (2013) In situ synthesized novel biocompatible titania–chitosan nanocomposites with high surface area and antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 93:731–739

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kean T, Thanou M (2010) Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 62:3–11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Khor E (2002) Chitin: a biomaterial inwaiting. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 6:313–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kittinaovarat S, Kanosomwan P, Jiratumnukul N (2010) Chitosan/modified montmorillonite beads and adsorption reactive red 120. Appl Clay Sci 48:87–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Korsmeyer RW, Peppas NA (1981) Effect of the morphology of hydrophilic polymeric matrices on the diffusion and release of water soluble drugs. J Membr Sci. 9:211–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Krishnamoorti R, Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1996) Structure and dynamics of polymer-layer silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mater 8:1728–1734

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kumar MNVR, Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C, Sashiwa H, Domb AJ (2004) Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem Rev 104:6017–6084

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kumar MNVR (2000) A review of chitin and chitosan applications. React Funct Polym 46:1–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kumari M, Chauhan GS (2011) Adsorption capacity, kinetics and mechanism of copper (II) uptake on gelatin-based hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 119:363–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kurita K (1995) Chemistry and application of chitin and chitosan. Polym Degrad Stab 59:117–120

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kurita K (2006) Chitin and chitosan: functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans. Mar Biotechnol 8:203–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lavorgna M, Attianese I, Buonocore GG, Conte A, Del Nobile MA, Tescione F, Amendola E (2014) MMT-supported Ag nanoparticles for chitosan nanocomposites: structural properties and antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 102:385–392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lavorgona M, Piscitelli F, Mangiacapra P, Buonocore GG (2010) Study of the combined effect of both clay and glycerol plasticizer on the properties of chitosan films. Carbohydr Polym 82:291–298

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lertsutthiwong P, Noomun K, Khunthon S, Limpanart S (2012) Influence of chitosan characteristics on the properties of biopolymeric chitosan–montmorillonite. Prog Nat Sci Mat Int 22(5):502–508

    Google Scholar 

  63. Lewandowska K, Sionkowska A, Kaczmarek B, Furtos G (2014) Characterization of chitosan composites with various clays. Int J Biol Macromol 65:534–541

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Li B, Huang L, Wang X, Ma J, Xie F (2011) Biodegradation and compressive strength of phosphorylated chitosan/chitosan/hydroxyapatite bio-composites. Mater Des 32:4543–4547

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lim ST, Martin GP, Berry DJ, Brown MB (2000) Preparation and evaluation of the in vitro drug release properties and mucoadhesion of novel microspheres of hyaluronic acid and chitosan. J Control Release 66:281–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Lin KF, Hsu CY, Huang TS, Chiu WY, Lee YH, Young TH (2005) A novel method to prepare chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 98:2042–2047

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Lindblad MS, Liu Y, Albertsson AC, Ranucci E, Karlsson S (2002) Polymer from renewable resources. Adv Polym Sci 157:139–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Liu B, Shen S, Luo J, Wang X, Sun R (2013) One-pot green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of exfoliated Ag NP-loaded quaternized chitosan/clay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 3:9714–9722

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Liu B, Wang X, Pang C, Luo J, LuoY Sun R (2013) Preparation and antimicrobial property of chitosan oligosaccharide derivative/rectorite nanocomposite. Carbohydr Polym 92:1078–1085

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Liu H, Du Y, Wang X, Sun L (2004) Chitosan kills bacteria through cell membrane damage. Int J Food Microbiol 95:147–155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Monvisade P, Siriphannon P (2009) Chitosan intercalated montmorillonite: preparation, characterization and cationic dye adsorption. Appl Clay Sci 42:427–431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Mourya VK, Inamdar NN (2008) Chitosan-modifications and applications: opportunities galore. React Funct Polym 68:1013–1051

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Muzzarelli RAA (2011) Chitosan composites with inorganics, morphogenetic proteins and stem cells, for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 83:1433–1445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C (2002) Natural and artificial chitosan-inorganic composites. J Inorg Biochem 92:89–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Naseri N, Algan C, Jacobs V, John M, Oksman K, Mathew AP (2014) Electrospun chitosan-based nanocomposite mats reinforced with chitin nanocrystals for wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 109:7–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Nesic AR, Velickovic SJ, Antonovic DG (2012) Characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite membranes as adsorbents for Bezactiv Orange V-3R dye. J Hazard Mater 209–210:256–263

    Google Scholar 

  77. Neus Angles M, Dufresne A (2000) Plasticized Starch/tunicin whiskers nanocomposites. 1. structural analysis. Macromolecules 33:8344–8353

    Google Scholar 

  78. Oguzlu H, Tihminlioglu F (2010) Preparation and barrier properties of chitosan-layered silicate nanocomposite films. Macromol Symp 298:91–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ojijo V, Sinha Ray S (2013) Processing strategies in bionanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 38:1543–1589

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/Layered silicate nanocomposites. Rapra Review Reports 14:3–5

    Google Scholar 

  81. Părpăriţă E, Cheaburu CN, Paţachia SF, Vasile C, (2014) Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites preparation by freeze/thaw cycles and characterization, Acta Chemica Iasi: 22:75–96.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Pavlidou S, Papaspyrides CD (2008) A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 33:1119–1198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pillai CKS, Paul W, Sharma CP (2009) Chitin and chitosan polymers: chemistrychemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog Polym Sci 34:641–678

    Google Scholar 

  84. Potarniche CG, Vuluga Z, Donescu D, Christiansen J de C, Eugeniu V, Radovici C, Serban S, Ghiurea M, Somoghi R, Beckmann S (2012) Morphology study of layered silicate/chitosan nanohybrids. Surf Interface Anal 44(2):200–207  

    Google Scholar 

  85. Prashanth KVH, Tharanathan RN (2007) Chitin/chitosan: modifications and their unlimited application potential—an overview. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:117–131

    Google Scholar 

  86. Quijada-Garrido I, Iglesias-Gonzalez V, Mazon-Arechederra JM, Barrales-Rienda JM (2007) The role played by the interactions of small molecules with chitosan and their transition temperatures. Glass-forming liquids:1,2,3-Propantriol (glycerol). Carbohydr Polym 68:173–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Rajan M, Raj V, Al-Arfaj AA, Murugan AM (2013) Hyaluronidase enzyme core-5-fluorouracil-loaded chitosan-PEG-gelatin polymer nanocomposites as targeted and controlled drug delivery vehicles. Int J Pharm 453:514–522

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Ray SS, Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 28:3–1641

    Google Scholar 

  89. Reddy CSK, Ghai R, Rashmi Kalia VC (2003) Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview. Bioresour Technol 87:137–146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Redl A, Morel MH, Bonicel J, Vergnes B, Guilbert S (1999) Extrusion of wheat gluten plasticized with glycerol: influence of process conditions on flow behavior, rheological properties, and molecular size distribution. Cereal Chem 76:361–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Rhim JW, Hong SI, Park HM, Ng PKW (2006) Preparation and characterization of chitosan-based nanocomposite films with antimicrobial activity. J Agric Food Chem 54:5814–5822

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Rhim JW, Ng PK (2007) Natural biopolymer-based nanocomposite films for packaging applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 47:411–433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Rhim JW, Park HM, Ha CS (2013) Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Prog Polym Sci 38:1629–1652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Rinaudo M (2006) Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 31:603–632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Rinaudo M (2008) Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterials. Polym Int 57:397–430

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Rinaudo M, Pavlov G, Desbrieres J (1999) Influence of acetic acid concentration on the solubilization of chitosan. Polymer 40:7029–7032

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Rinaudo M, Pavlov G, Desbrieres J (1999) Solubilization of chitosan in strong acid medium. Int J Polym Anal Charact 5:267–276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rindusit S, Jingjid S, Damrongsappul S, Tiptikaporn S, Tapeichi T (2008) Biodegradability and property characterizations of methyl methyl cellulosecellulose: effect of nanocompositing and chemical crosslinking. Carbohydr Polym 72:444–455

    Google Scholar 

  99. Roberts GAF (1992) Chitin chemistry. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  100. Rodríguez FJ, Galotto MJ, Guarda A, Bruna JE (2012) Modification of cellulose acetate films using nanofillers based on organoclays. J Food Eng 110:262–268

    Google Scholar 

  101. Romero RB, Leite CA, Gonçalves MC (2009) The effect of the solvent on the morphology of cellulose acetate/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer 50:161–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sahiner N (2013) Soft and flexible hydrogel templates of different sizes and various functionalities for metal nanoparticle preparation and their use in catalysis. Prog Polym Sci 38:1329–1356

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Sahoo D, Nayak PL (2012) Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/cloisite 30B film for controlled release of ofloxacin. J Appl Polym Sci 123:2588–2594

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Sahoo D, Sahoo S, Mohanty P, Sasmal S, Nayak PL (2009) Chitosan: a new versatile bio-polymer for various applications. Des Monomers Polym 12:377–404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Salcedo I, Aguzzi C, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Mori M, Cerezo P, Sánchez R, Viseras C, Caramella C (2012) In vitro biocompatibility and mucoadhesion of montmorillonite chitosan nanocomposite: a new drug delivery. Appl Clay Sci 55:131–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Salcedo I, Sandri G, Aguzzia C, Bonferoni C, Cerezoa P, Sánchez-Espejoc R, Viseras C (2014) Intestinal permeability of oxytetracycline from chitosan-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Colloids Surf B 117:441–448

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Sinclair RG (1996) The case for polylactic acid as a commodity packaging plastic. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl Chem 33:585–597

    Google Scholar 

  108. Singha J, Khanra P, Kuila T, Srivastava M, Das AK, Kim NH, Jung BJ, Kim DY, Lee SH, Lee DW, Kim D-G, Lee JH (2013) Preparation of sulfonated poly(ether–ether–ketone) functionalized ternary graphene/AuNPs/chitosan nanocomposite for efficient glucose biosensor. Process Biochem 48:1724–1735

    Google Scholar 

  109. Singha AS, Thakur VK (2009) Synthesis, characterisation and analysis of hibiscus sabdariffa fibre reinforced polymer matrix based composites. Polym Polym Compos 17:189–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Singha AS, Thakur VK (2009) Grewia optiva fiber reinforced novel, low cost polymer composites. J Chem 6:71–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Singha AS, Thakur VK (2009) Fabrication and characterization of S. cilliare fibre reinforced polymer composites. Bull Mater Sci 32:49–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Singha AS, Thakur VK (2009) Fabrication and characterization of H. sabdariffa fiber-reinforced green polymer composites. Polym Plast Technol Eng 48:482–487

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Singha AS, Thakur VK (2009) Physical, chemical and mechanical properties of hibiscus sabdariffa fiber/polymer composite. Int J Polym Mater 58:217–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Sinha Ray S, Bousmina M (2005) Biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites: in greening the 21st century materials world. Prog Mater Sci 50:962–1079

    Google Scholar 

  115. Smolander M, Chaudhry Q (2010) Nanotechnologies in food packaging. In: Chaudhry Q, Castle L, Watkins R (eds) Nanotechnologies in Food. RSC Publishing, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  116. Sorrentino A, Gorrasi G, Vittoria V (2007) Potential perspectives of bionanocomposites for food packaging applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:84–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Tan W, Zhang Y, Szeto Y-S, Liao L (2008) A novel method to prepare chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites in the presence of hydroxy-aluminum. Compos Sci Technol 68:2917–2921

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Tang C, Chen N, Zhang Q, Wang K, Fu Q, Zhang X (2009) Preparation and properties of chitosan nanocomposites with nanofillers of different dimensions. Polym Degrad Stab 94:124–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Thakur VK, Tan EJ, Lin M-F, Lee PS (2011) Polystyrene grafted polyvinylidenefluoride copolymers with high capacitive performance. Polym Chem 2:2000–2009

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Thakur VK, Tan EJ, Lin M-F, Lee PS (2011) Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate): a novel material for high energy density capacitors. J Mater Chem 21:3751–3759

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Thakur VK, Lin M-F, Tan EJ, Lee PS (2012) Green aqueous modification of fluoropolymers for energy storage applications. J Mater Chem 22:5951–5959

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Thakur VK, Ding G, Ma J et al (2012) Hybrid materials and polymer electrolytes for electrochromic device applications. Adv Mater 24:4071–4096

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Thakur VK, Singha AS, Thakur MK (2012) In-air graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate onto natural cellulosic polymers. Int J Polym Anal Charact 17:48–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Thakur VK, Singha AS, Thakur MK (2012) Surface modification of natural polymers to impart low water absorbency. Int J Polym Anal Charact 17:133–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Thakur VK, Yan J, Lin M-F et al (2012) Novel polymer nanocomposites from bioinspired green aqueous functionalization of BNNTs. Polym Chem 3:962–969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2013) Development of functionalized cellulosic biopolymers by graft copolymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 62:44–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2013) Synthesis of lignocellulosic polymer with improved chemical resistance through free radical polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 61:121–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2013) Rapid synthesis of graft copolymers from natural cellulose fibers. Carbohydr Polym 98:820–828

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2013) Graft copolymers from natural polymers using free radical polymerization. Int J Polym Anal Charact 18:495–503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2013) Graft copolymers from cellulose: synthesis, characterization and evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 97:18–25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites. Carbohydr Polym 109:102–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide: a review. J Cleaner Prod 82:1–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Recent advances in graft copolymerization and applications of chitosan: a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:2637–2652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2014) Review: raw natural fiber–based polymer composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 19(3):256–271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Raghavan P, Kessler MR (2014) Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: A review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(5):1072–1092

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Toffey A, Samaranayake G, Frazier CE, Glasser WG (1996) Chitin derivatives. I. kinetics of the heat-induced conversion of chitosan to chitin. J Appl Polym Sci 60:75–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Tsai GJ, Su WH, Chen HC, Pan CL (2002) Antimicrobial activity of shrimp chitin and chitosan from different treatments and applications of fish preservation. Fish Sci 68(1):170–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Tsuji H, Ikada Y (1998) Blends of aliphatic polyesters. II. Hydrolysis of solution-cast blends from poly(L-lactide) and poly (ε-caprolactone) in phosphate-buffered solution. J Appl Polym Sci 67:405–415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Lattice model of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates. Macromolecules 30:7990–7999

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Polymer melt intercalation in organically modified layered silicates: model predictions and experiment. Macromolecules 30:8000–8009

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Vaia RA, Jandt KD, Kramer EJ, Giannelis EP (1996) Microstructural evolution of melt intercalated polymer organically modified layered silicates nanocomposites. Chem Mater 8:2628–2635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Van Soest JJG, Benes K, De Wit D, Vliegenthart JFG (1996) The influence of starch molecular mass on the properties of extruded thermoplastic starch. Polymer 37:3543–3552

    Google Scholar 

  143. Vartiainen J, Tuominen M, Nattinen K (2010) Bio-hybrid nanocomposite coatings from sonicated chitosan and nanoclay. J Appl Polym Sci 116:3638–3647

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Vasile C, Cheaburu CN (eds) (2010) Noi ambalaje polimerice pentru alimente. Editura PIM, Iaşi

    Google Scholar 

  145. Vasile C, Darie RN, Cheaburu-Yilmaz CN, Pricope GM, Bracic M, Pamfil D, Hitruc GE, Duraccio D (2013) Low density polyethylene—Chitosan chitosan composites. Compos Part B 55:314–323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Vasile C, Darie RN, Sdrobis A, Paslaru E, Pricope G, Baklavaridis A, Munteanu SB, Zuburtikudis I (2014) Effectiveness of chitosan as antimicrobial agent in LDPE/CS composite films as minced poultry meat packaging materials. Cellul Chem Technol 48:325–336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Wan Ngah WS, Ariff NFM, Hanafiah MAKM (2010) Preparation, characterization, and environmental application of crosslinked chitosan-coated bentonite for tartrazine adsorption from aqeous solutions. Water Air Soil Pollut 206:225–236

    Google Scholar 

  148. Wan Ngah WS, Ariff NFM, Hashim A, Hanafiah MAKM (2010) Malachite green adsorption onto chitosan coated bentonite beads: isotherms, kinetics and mechanism. Clean Soil Air Water 38:394–400

    Google Scholar 

  149. Wan Ngah WS, Teong LC, Hanafiah MAKM (2011) Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: a review. Carbohydr Polym 83:1446–1456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Wang L, Wang A (2007) Adsorption characteristics of congo red onto the chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite. J Hazard Mater 147:979–985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Wang L, Zhang J, Wang A (2008) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid) / montmorillonite superadsorbent nanocomposite. Colloids Surf A 322:47–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Wang S, Chen L, Tong Y (2006) Structure–property relationship in chitosan-based biopolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 44:686–696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Wang SF, Shen S, Tong YJ, Chen L, Phang IY, Lim PQ, Liu TX (2005) Biopolymer chitosan/ montmorillonite nanocomposites: preparation and characterization. Polym Degrad Stab 90:123–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Wang X, Du Y, Luo J (2008) Biopolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposite: preparation, drug-controlled release property and cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology 19:065707

    Google Scholar 

  155. Wang X, Du Y, Luo J, Lin B, Kennedy JF (2007) Chitosan/organic rectorite nanocomposite films: structure, characteristic and drug delivery behavior. Carbohydr Polym 69:41–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Wang X, Du Y, Yang J, Wang X, Shi X, Hu Y (2006) Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan/layered silicate nanocomposites. Polymer 47:6738–6744

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Wang X, Yang L, Zhang J, Wang C, Li Q (2014) Preparation and characterization of chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol)/bentonite nanocomposites for adsorption of Hg(II) ions. Chem Eng J 251:404–412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. White EM, Yatvin J, Grubbs JB, Bilbrey JA, Locklin J (2013) Advances in smart materials: stimuli-responsive hydrogel thin films. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 51:1084–1099

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Wu FC, Tseng RL, Juang TS (2001) Enhanced abilities of highly swollen chitosan beads for color removal and tyrosinase immobilization. J Hazard Mater 81:167–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Wu TM, Wu CY (2006) Biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/chitosan-modified montmorillonite nanocomposites: pand characterization. Polym Degrad Stab 91:2198–2204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Xie DF, Martino VP, Sangwan P, Way C, Cash GA, Pollet E, Dean KM, Halley PJ, Averous L (2013) Elaboration and properties of plasticised chitosan-based exfoliated nano-biocomposites. Polymer 54:3654–3662

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Xu J, McCarthy SP, Gross RA, Kaplan DL (1996) Chitosan film acylation and effects on biodegradability. Macromolecules 29(10):3436–3440

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Xu Y, Ren X, Hanna MA (2006) Chitosan/clay nanocomposite film preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 99:1684–1691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Yang D, Li J, Jiang Z, Lu L, Chen X (2009) Chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposite pervaporation membranes for ethanol dehydration. Chem Eng Sci 64:3130–3137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Yang YQ, Chen HJ (2007) Study on the intercalation organic bentonite and its adsorption. J Xinyang Norm Univ 20:338–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Yi H, Wu L-Q, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R, Rubloff GW, Culver JN (2005) Biofabrication with chitosan. Biomacromolecules 6:2881–2894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Yi H, Wu LQ, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R, Rubloff GW, Culver JN et al (2005) Biofabrication with chitosan. Biomacromolecules 6:2881–2894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Yoksan R, Chirachanchi S (2010) Silver nanoparticle-loaded chitosan–starch based films: fabrication and evaluation of tensile, barrier and antimicrobial properties. Mater Sci Eng C 30:891–897

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Zhang AC, Sun LS, Xiang J, Hu S, Fu P, Su S et al (2009) Removal of elemental mercury from coal combustion flue gas by bentonite–chitosan and their modifier. J Fuel Chem Technol 37:489–495

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Zhang Y, Huang X, Duan B, Wu L, Li S, Yuan X (2007) Preparation of elec-trospun chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) membranes. Colloid Polym Sci 285:855–863

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Zheng JP, Wang CZ, Wang XX, Wang HY, Zhuang H, Yao KD (2007) Preparation of biomimetic three-dimensional gelatin/montmorillonite–chitosan scaffold for tissue engineering. React Funct Polym 67:780–788

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Zhou N-L, Liu Y, Li L, Meng N, Huang Y-X, Zhang J, Wei S-H, Shen J (2007) A new nanocomposite biomedical material of polymer/Clay–Cts–Ag nanocomposites. Curr Appl Phys 7(S1):e58–e62

    Google Scholar 

  173. Zhou Y, Yang D, Chen X, Xu Q, Lu F, Nie J (2008) Electrospun water-soluble carboxyethyl chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membrane as potential wound dressing for skin regeneration. Biomacromolecules 9:349–354

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Zhu J, Wilkie CA (2007) Intercalation compounds and clay nanocomposites, hybrid materials: synthesis, characterization and applications. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  175. Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ (2005) Advances in chitin and chitosan modification through graft copolymerization: a comprehensive review. Iran Polym J 14:235–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Zoldners J, Kiseleva T, Kaiminsh I (2005) Influence of ascorbic acid on the stability of chitosan solutions. Carbohydr Polym 60:215–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Chapter dedicated to the 65th anniversary of “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania. Dr. C. Vasile acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received partial funding from the Romanian—EEA Research Programme operated by the Ministry of National Education/Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) under the EEA Financial Mechanism 2009–2014 and Contract No 1SEE/30.06.2014 ACTIBIOSAFE

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania

    Catalina Natalia Cheaburu-Yilmaz & Cornelia Vasile

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey

    Catalina Natalia Cheaburu-Yilmaz

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Leather Engineering Department, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey

    Onur Yilmaz

Authors
  1. Catalina Natalia Cheaburu-Yilmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Onur Yilmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cornelia Vasile
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cornelia Vasile .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Vijay Kumar Thakur

  2. Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Manju Kumari Thakur

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cheaburu-Yilmaz, C.N., Yilmaz, O., Vasile, C. (2015). Eco-Friendly Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites: Chemistry and Applications. In: Thakur, V., Thakur, M. (eds) Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 74. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2473-0_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation