Abstract
We report here a novel and generic method for the synthesis of rod-shaped nanoparticles of AgBr, AgCl, and Fe2O3 using wormlike micelles (WLMs) in aqueous solution. It is observed that the presence of a wormlike micellar phase is critical to the formation of such anisotropic nanoparticles. Spherical nanoparticles are otherwise obtained when wormlike micelles are absent. Nanoparticle precursors first form spherical primary particles at short times, which then coagulate and consolidate on a surfactant backbone to form nanorods. Interestingly, when preformed spherical nanoparticles are added to a wormlike micellar system, nanorods similar to the in situ method are observed. This technique has been explored for the synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles as well. Further a mechanism for the formation of these nanorods is proposed and is simulated using a framework of slithering snake dynamics for WLM. In this study, the wormlike micelles are represented by flexible polymers of fixed contour length. A rule-based intermicellar particle exchange protocol is formulated and simulated on a periodic lattice. Simulations reveal that the particles start accumulating slowly on few of the micellar backbones; toward the end, the fraction of micelles carrying no particles increases drastically which is a typical behavior observed in coagulation processes. The particulate masses accumulated on the WLMs are then converted to their respective lengths and diameters.
Keywords
- Surfactant system
- Wormlike micelle
- CTAB
- CTAC
- Sodium salicylate
- Shear
- Maxwellian rheology
- Reptation
- Entanglement
- Anisotropic nanoparticles
- Nanospheres
- Nanorods
- Template-assisted synthesis
- AgBr
- AgCl
- Fe2O3
- Lattice Monte Carlo simulation
- Self-avoiding random walk
- Kuhn length
- Slithering snake dynamics
- Intermicellar particle exchange
Vinod Kumar Gupta has contributed to the experimental part (AgBr nanorods), Suvajeet Duttagupta has contributed to the experimental part (Fe2O3 nanorods) and Advait Chhatre has contributed to the Simulation part of the chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Israelachvilli JN (1992) Intermolecular and surface forces, chapter 17, 2nd edn. Academic, London
Husein MM, Rodil E, Vera JH (2006) A novel approach for the preparation of AgBr nanoparticles from their bulk solid precursor using CTAB microemulsions. Langmuir ACS J Surf Colloids 22(5):2264–2272
Husein M, Rodil E, Vera JH (2004) Formation of silver bromide precipitate of nanoparticles in a single microemulsion utilizing the surfactant counterion. J Colloid Interface Sci 273(2):426–434
Xu S, Li Y (2003) Different morphology at different reactant molar ratios: synthesis of silver halide low-dimensional nanomaterials in microemulsions. J Mater Chem 13(1):163–165
Nikolenko DYu, Brichkin SB, Razumov VF (2008) Synthesis of mixed silver halide nanocrystals in reversed micelles. High Energy Chem 42(4):305–310
Trewyn BG, Nieweg JA, Zhao Y, Lin VS-Y (2008) Biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoparticles with different morphologies for animal cell membrane penetration. Chem Eng J 137(1):23–29
Choi DG, Kim WJ, Yang SM (2000) Shear-induced microstructure and rheology of cetylpyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate micellar solutions. Korea-Aust Rheol J 12(3):143–149
Kim TW, Chung PW, Lin VSY (2010) Facile synthesis of monodisperse spherical MCM-48 mesoporous silica nanoparticles with controlled particle size. Chem Mater 22:5093–5104
Slowing II, Vivero-Escoto JL, Wu C, Lin VS (2008) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1278–1288
Wang L, Yamauchi Y (2011) Synthesis of mesoporous pt nanoparticles with uniform particle size from aqueous surfactant solutions toward highly active electrocatalysts. Chem Eur J 17:8810–8815
Qiao Z, Zhang L, Guo M, Liu Y, Huo Q (2009) Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles via controlled hydrolysis and condensation of silicon alkoxide. Chem Mater 21:3823–3829
He Q, Shi J (2011) Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based nano drug delivery systems: synthesis, controlled drug release and delivery, pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility. J Mater Chem 21:5845–5855
Suzuki K, Ikari K, Imai H (2004) Synthesis of silica nanoparticles having a well-ordered mesostructure using a double surfactant system. J Am Chem Soc 126:462–463
Chang S-S, Lee C-L, Chris Wang CR (1997) Gold nanorods: electrochemical synthesis and optical properties. J Phys Chem B 101(34):6661–6664
Jana NR, Gearheart L, Murphy CJ (2001) Wet chemical synthesis of high aspect ratio cylindrical gold nanorods. J Phys Chem B 105(19):4065–4067
Mirgorod YA, Efimova NA (2008) The synthesis of superparamagnetic Pt/Ni nanohybrids in direct micelles of cationic surfactants. Russ J Phys Chem A 82:385–389
Ban I, Drofenic M, Makovec D (2006) The synthesis of iron–nickel alloy nanoparticles using a reverse micelle technique. J Magn Magn Mater 307(2):250–256
Xu S, Zhou H, Xu J, Li Y (2002) Synthesis of size-tunable silver iodide nanowires in reverse micelles. Langmuir 18(26):10503–10504
Zhang X, Cui Z (2009) Synthesis of Cu nanowires via solventhermal reduction in reverse microemulsion system. J Phys Conf Ser 152:012022
Yang X, Chen S, Zhao S, Li D, Ma H (2003) Synthesis of copper nanorods using electrochemical methods. J Serbian Chem Soc 68(11):843–847
Liu Y, Wang W, Zhan Y, Zheng C, Wang G (2002) A simple route to hydroxyapatite nanofibers. Mater Lett 56(4):496–501
Xi L, Lam YM, Xu YP, Li L-J (2008) Synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional CdSe by a novel reverse micelle assisted hydrothermal method. J Colloid Interface Sci 320(2):491–500
Rouault Y, Milchev A (1997) A Monte Carlo lattice study of living polymers in a confined geometry. Macromol Theory Simul 6(6):1177–1190
Vogt M, Hernandez R (2001) A two-dimensional polymer growth model. J Chem Phys 115(3):1575
Vogt M, Hernandez R (2002) A three-dimensional polymer growth model. J Chem Phys 116(23):10485
Carl W, Rouault Y (1998) On the length distribution of semi-flexible linear micelles. Macromol Theory Simul 7(5):497–500
Rouault Y (1998) The effect of stiffness in wormlike micelles. Eur Phys J B Condens Matter Complex Syst 81:75–81
Rouault Y (1998) Change of the scaling behavior of the end-to-end square distance in a two-dimensional polydisperse system. Eur Phys J B 4(1):61–64
Rouault Y (1998) Living polymers in random media: a 2D Monte-Carlo investigation on a square lattice. Eur Phys J B Condens Matter Complex Syst 2:483–487
Rouault Y (1996) A Monte Carlo study of living polymers in 2D: effect of small chains on static properties. J Phys II 6(9):1301–1311
Rouault Y (1999) Equilibrium polymerization: towards a numerical description of the dynamics of wormlike micelles. Macromol Theory Simul 8(6):551–560
Rouault Y, Milchev A (1995) Monte Carlo study of living polymers with the bond-fluctuation method. Phys Rev E 51(6):5905–5910
Rouault Y (1998) Chain radius dependence on concentration in a 2D living polymer system. Eur Phys J B 4(3):321–324
Cates ME, Candau SJ (1990) Statics and dynamics of worm-like surfactant micelles. J Phys Condens Matter 2(33):6869–6892
Shikata T, Hirata H, Kotaka T (1987) Micelle formation of detergent molecules in aqueous media: viscoelastic properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solutions. Langmuir 3(6):1081–1086
Bai J, Li Y, Zhang C, Liang X, Yang Q (2008) Preparing AgBr nanoparticles in poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofibers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 329(3):165–168
Liu X-H, Luo X-H, Lu S-X, Zhang J-C, Cao W-L (2007) A novel cetyltrimethyl ammonium silver bromide complex and silver bromide nanoparticles obtained by the surfactant counterion. J Colloid Interf Sci 307(1):94–100
Murphy CJ, Sau TK, Gole AM, Orendorff CJ, Gao J, Gou L, Hunyadi SE, Li T (2005) Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: synthesis, assembly, and optical applications. J Phys Chem B 109(29):13857–13870
Bai J, Li Y, Yang S, Du J, Wang S, Zhang C, Yang Q, Xuesi C (2007) Synthesis of AgCl-PAN composite nanofibres using an electrospinning method. Nanotechnology 18:305601
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by a research grant titled Engineering Aspects of Ultrafine Particle Technology Project code 07DS014/ Grant no-IR/S3/EU-03/2006, made available under the IRPHA scheme of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi (India). The author also acknowledges various analytical facilities provided by the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), FEGSEM facility and vibrating sample magnetometer (SVSM) facility provided by the Industrial Research and Consultancy Center (IRCC), and X-ray diffraction facility at the Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science (MEMS), IIT Bombay, Mumbai.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gupta, V.K., Duttagupta, S., Chhatre, A., Mehra, A., Thaokar, R. (2015). Wormlike Micelles as Templates for Rod-Shaped Nanoparticles: Experiments and Simulations. In: Joshi, Y., Khandekar, S. (eds) Nanoscale and Microscale Phenomena. Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2289-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2289-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2288-0
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2289-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)