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Plant Biology and Biotechnology pp 153–175Cite as

Origin, Development and Differentiation of Leaves

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Abstract

Leaves are the most important organs of plants and carry out very vital physiological activities such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, photoreception and synthesis and supply of signal compounds, including growth regulators. They are always associated with shoot apical meristems from which they arise. Leaves are arranged on the stem with very characteristic and non-mutagenic phyllotactic pattern characteristic of each plant. The various theories to explain this pattern are briefly described. The leaf primordia are initially with a leaf axis from which the lamina, petiole and phyllopodium regions of the mature leaf arise. This chapter deals with the genetic network that operates during various phases of leaf ontogeny. The genetic basis for shoot apical meristem (with indeterminate growth)–leaf primordium (with determinate growth) boundary is also discussed. This article also discusses the ontogenetic and genetic bases of the differences between simple and compound leaves. A short account each on heteroblasty, heterophylly, senescence and evolution of leaf is also provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology (IHST), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    K. V. Krishnamurthy, S. John Adams & Padma Venkatasubramanian

  2. Sri Biotech Laboratories India Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Bir Bahadur

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  1. K. V. Krishnamurthy
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  2. Bir Bahadur
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  3. S. John Adams
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  4. Padma Venkatasubramanian
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Correspondence to Bir Bahadur .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sri Biotech Laboratories India Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Bir Bahadur

  2. Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Manchikatla Venkat Rajam

  3. Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Leela Sahijram

  4. Center for Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology (IHST), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    K.V. Krishnamurthy

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Krishnamurthy, K.V., Bahadur, B., John Adams, S., Venkatasubramanian, P. (2015). Origin, Development and Differentiation of Leaves. In: Bahadur, B., Venkat Rajam, M., Sahijram, L., Krishnamurthy, K. (eds) Plant Biology and Biotechnology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2286-6_5

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