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Plant Physiomics: Photoelectrochemical and Molecular Retrograde Signalling in Plant Acclimatory and Defence Responses

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PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science

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Abstract

Plants constantly exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions develop signalling strategies that determine their acclimation, fitness and survival. Coordination between the different cells and tissues requires complex mechanisms of signal communication that lead to overall plant global signalling homeostasis. Numerous pathways controlling signal transduction and gene expression are known. While initial responses of plants to environmental signals rely primarily on electrical signalling, longer-term responses that alter morphology rely on complex physiological networks. Electrochemical signals result from, for example, stimulation of non-photochemical quenching-dependent chloroplast retrograde signalling that with the help of the chloroplast stromules is transmitted to the other organelles and plasma membrane and trigger H+-ATPase, ion movements and changes in a transmembrane voltage potential. These in turn switch on phytohormones, which are chemical messengers coordinating cellular activity and anterograde signalling from the nucleus. Their regulatory pathways do not operate independently but rather are linked together in a complex network of interactions as observed, for example, by the antagonistic effect of, for example, cytokinins and abscisic acid. Furthermore, it is accompanied by the constant production of reactive oxygen species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen) which are not only harmful agents causing oxidative damage but also have important roles as intra- and intercellular signalling molecules. The simultaneous interplay of electrical signals, multiple hormones and reactive oxygen species influences redox status of the cells that are not directly exposed to primary stress factor and induces retrograde signalling to the nucleus, leading to alterations of gene expression and anterograde signalling. Changes in gene expression profile in response to such direct and indirect environmental stimuli are very complex and largely are depending on specific interactions of cis- and trans-regulatory elements but also on epigenetic changes, e.g. DNA methylations. All of these finally determine plant growth, development and acclimatory and immune defence responses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland

    Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda Ph.D., Paweł Budiak Ph.D., Piotr Gawroński Ph.D., Magdalena Górecka Ph.D., Milena Kulasek Ph.D. & Stanisław Karpiński Ph.D.

  2. The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland

    Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda Ph.D.

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  1. Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda Ph.D.
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  2. Paweł Budiak Ph.D.
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  3. Piotr Gawroński Ph.D.
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  4. Magdalena Górecka Ph.D.
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  5. Milena Kulasek Ph.D.
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  6. Stanisław Karpiński Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Stanisław Karpiński Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Genomics, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, West Bengal, India

    Debmalya Barh

  2. University of Agriculture, Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sarwar Khan

  3. Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Eric Davies

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Szechyńska-Hebda, M., Budiak, P., Gawroński, P., Górecka, M., Kulasek, M., Karpiński, S. (2015). Plant Physiomics: Photoelectrochemical and Molecular Retrograde Signalling in Plant Acclimatory and Defence Responses. In: Barh, D., Khan, M., Davies, E. (eds) PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2172-2_15

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