Abstract
Transformation processes in Russia are giving rise to various forms of social disparity and differentiation, which often affects the interests and social status of the vulnerable groups, and orphans constitute one of those groups. This chapter explores orphan care and orphans’ housing needs in the context of social disparity in Russia. The first method used in this chapter is reviewing research of social disparity and housing policy in Russia. The second method analyzes the main policy guidelines and practices regarding orphan care and meeting their housing needs. The outcomes of the analysis and reviews presented in this chapter are based on the analysis of national and international legislation and official statistics. The principal idea of this chapter is to demonstrate that social adjustment skills and mobility of orphans, being affected by modern social disparity, are largely limited due to structural problems in the domestic economy, especially inner social policy with regard to orphans and their socialization.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Full state support means providing orphans and children deprived of parental care during their studying in a state or municipal establishment, in a foster or guardian family, with free food, free set of clothing and shoes, free medical treatment or compensation for treatment; orphans studying in secondary and higher educational establishments at the age of 18–23 have a right to receive full state support and additional social guarantees until they graduate from the full-time professional educational establishments. (Article 1, the Federal Law “On additional guarantees on social protection of orphans and children, deprived of parental care.”)
- 2.
- 3.
“In conditions of low fertility of cultivated lands, emergence of a razdatok-economy system (Russ ‘razdavat,’ to give) helped the ancient Russian state to survive. Over its centuries-old history, razdatok-economy provided for the restoration of the land and replenishment of other natural resources, these being the sources of public wealth.
Economic institutions unique only to the razdatok-economy system have been established in the course of its evolution. They secured the basic relationship between the people involved in the process of developing the new lands and the management of the economy. A service-labor system was the basis for the razdatok-economy. It defined the rules of economic activity for all the members of the society who were involved in using the public resources” (Bessonova et al. 1996).
References
Albitsky VY, Baranov AA, Gasilovskay TA, Ibragimova AI, Konova SR (2007) Medical and social problems of modern orphans. Litterra, Мoscow
Altshuller BL (2011) Child’s estimation of poverty and inequality: food, housing, leisure. On immediate measures to address the problems, a report, Moscow, 31 May 2011. http://2020strategy.ru/g9/doc. 28 Dec 2012 (in Russian)
Bartlett SN (1997) Housing as a factor in the socialization of children: a critical review of the literature. Merrill-Palmer Q 43(2):169–198
Bessonova OE (2011) Housing razdatok and modernization of Russia. ROSPEN, Moscow (in Russian)
Bessonova O, Kirdina S, O’Sullivan R (1996) Market experiment in the housing economy of Russia. The Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science. Institution of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk
Bobkov VN (2011) Unequal material conditions of population – report – Moscow, 31 May 2011. http://2020strategy.ru/g9/doc. 28 Dec 2012
Сhildren in Russia (2009) Statistics manuel. UNISEF, Rosstat, Moscow, «Russian statistics» (in Russian)
GOST R 52498- 2005 (2006) Social service of the population. Classification of the organisms for the social service. Reference legal system “Garant”: [e-resource]/NPP «Garant-Service». – Last update 28 Dec 2012 (in Russian)
Government of Russia (2012) Statistical pocketbook. Rosstat, Moscow
Gurtov VK (2009) Housing in Russia – XXI век. National project “available and comfortable housing to the Russians” and prospects of developing housing construction (problems of development and possible solutions). Statut, Moscow (in Russian)
Karlinsky I (2004) Analysis of social and legal status of homeless in modern Russia. Delta, St. Petersburg (in Russian)
Khohlov OB (2006) Housing renovation programs and projects: evaluation of efficiency. PhD thesis in economics, Tomsk
Korchagina IA, Pishnyak AI, Malkova MA (2010) Family problems factor and mechanisms of preventing social orphanhood. In: Ovcharova LN, Yarskaya-Smirnova ER (eds) Human development reports. Independent Institute of Social Policy, Мoscow
Kravchuk NV (2009) Children in post-communist Russia: some aspects of the child’s right to protection. Int J Child Rights 17:611–622
Lokshin M (2008) Does poverty research in Russia follow the scientific method? WPS 4528 policy research working paper, World Bank Group. http://www.hse.ru/data/2012/11/14/1248198326/wps4528.pdf. 28 Dec 2012
Ministry of Education (2002) The letter of Russian Ministry of Education from July 1, 2002. N 981/28-12 “Recommendations on forming personnel capacity of educational establishments for orphans and children deprived of parental care.” Reference: legal system “Garant”: [e-resource] /NPP “Garant-Service”. – Last update 28 Dec 2012
Nazarova IB (2000) Adaptation and possible patterns of orphans’ mobility. Moscow Social Scientific Fund, Moscow, http://www.ecsocman.edu.ru/text/19160640/, 28 Dec 2012
Nazarova IB (2001) Human rights protection in social sphere: subject and levels of interaction. In: Zaslavskaya TI (ed) Who tries to lead Russia and where? Actors of macro-, meso- and microlevels of modern transformation process Мoscow, The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, Russian Federation, pp 374–380
Nikolaev VG (2005) Waiting line as social heritage and element of lifestyle. Moscow University Newsletter. Serial # 18. Sociology and Politology 1, 96–112
Radina NK (2004) Integrated assessment of regulatory documents on the security of rights of children deprived of parental care. J Soc Policy Res 2:249–264
Rowlands R, Gurney C (2000) Young peoples? Perceptions of housing tenure: a case study in the socialization of tenure prejudice. Hous Theory Soc 17(3):121–130
Schmidt V (2012) Orphan care in Russia: cause for dismantling the down staircase. In: Jo Daugherty B (ed) Orphan care: a comparative view. Kumarian Press, Sterling, pp 83–99
Semya G (2006) Implementing rights and interests of orphanage inmates and leavers during the process of institualization in Russia, A report, Stockholm, 14–15 November. http://www.childcentre.info/projects/institutions/dbaFile14089.pdf
Shipitcina LM (2005) Psychology of orphans: manual. Publishing House of St. Petersburg University, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Shkaratan OI (2012) Sociology of inequality. Theory and reality. Publishing House of National Research University, Moscow
Shkaratan O, Yastrebov G (2010) Russian neo-etacratic society and its stratification: discovering real social groups. J Communist Stud Transit Polit 26(1):1–24
Shomina Y (2007) Housing policy and housing reforms in Russia. Congress presentation, IUT 17th congress, Berlin, Germany, 20–23 September. http://www.iut.nu/Congress/Congress2007/PresentationsNational/Shomina_Russia.ppt, 28 Dec 2012
Statistical Yearbook of Russia (2009) Statistics manuel. Rosstat, Moscow, p 222
Tihonova NE (2011a) Characteristics of Russian lower class. Russ Educ Soc 12:3–28
Tihonova NE (2011b) The poor in Russia today: standard of living and lifestyle. Sociol Res 1:3–23
Tihonova NE, Akatnova AM, Sedova NN (2007) Housing and housing policy in the contemporary Russia. Sociologicheskie Issled 1:71–81
United Nations (2011) Situation analysis of children in the Russian Federation. Joint report by Independent Institute of Social Policy and UN (UNISEF). Independent Institute of Social Policy and UN (UNISEF), Moscow. http://unicef.ru/upload/ATTJVRGA.pdf, 28 Dec 2012 (in Russian)
Vasiliev AY (2007) Social orphanhood as a phenomenon of modern Russian society (based on sociological researches in the Republic of Bashkortostan). PhD thesis in Sociology, Ufa
Vasyutin YS (2009) On protection of rights and freedoms of a child in Orel region. Report of the human rights commissioner in Orel region. ORAGS Publishing, Orel
Vihavainen R (2005) Housing in Russia – policies and practices working paper. http://blogit.helsinki.fi/respublica/RP05_Interim_Housing.pdf, 28 Dec 2012
World Bank (2006) Ensuring education access for orphans and vulnerable children: a planners’ handbook. World Bank Publication, Washington, DC
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, project “Mathematical models, algorithms, and software tools for knowledge discovery in big data given by relational and textual collections,” 2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vinkov, S. (2015). Housing for Orphans Against the Backdrop of Social Disparity in Russia. In: Gurtoo, A., Williams, C. (eds) Developing Country Perspectives on Public Service Delivery. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2160-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2160-9_13
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2159-3
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2160-9
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)