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Management of Environmental Phosphorus Pollution Using Phytases: Current Challenges and Future Prospects

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Applied Environmental Biotechnology: Present Scenario and Future Trends

Abstract

Phosphorus is an important element for plant and animal nutrition considering its diverse roles in their growth and development. It is derived from different organic and inorganic sources rich in phosphorus. Inorganic sources are most commonly used for development of phosphorus fertilisers while organic sources like phytic acid phosphorus of plant origin is a major source of phosphorus in animal nutrition. Excessive application of phosphorus fertilisers without proper analysis of its soil concentration results in high phosphorus and associated heavy metals deposition in agricultural soils. This has multiple environmental consequences like loss of biological diversity in aquatic system due to phosphate runoff from soil by rain water. Further, inability of monogastric animals to hydrolyse phytate phosphorus and utilise it makes it necessary to supplement external phosphorus in animal feed. This leads to increased phosphorus load and release of excess phosphorus in faecal material at intensive livestock production area, which contributes to environmental phosphorus pollution. The supplementation of animal feeds with microbial phytases increases the bioavailability of phosphorus and minerals besides reducing the aquatic phosphorus pollution in the areas of intensive livestock production. Phytases are of significant value in effectively combating environmental phosphorus pollution. This chapter describes different application of phosphorus, its pollution consequences and use of phytases for strategic management of this problem phosphorus pollution and various promises and challenges therein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Akal School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, India

    Vinod Kumar, Dharmendra Singh & Prabhjot Kaur Gill

  2. Department of Biochemistry, C. C. S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

    Punesh Sangwan

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  1. Vinod Kumar
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  2. Dharmendra Singh
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  3. Punesh Sangwan
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  4. Prabhjot Kaur Gill
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Correspondence to Prabhjot Kaur Gill .

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  1. Department of Environmental Science,, School of Earth science, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Garima Kaushik

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Kumar, V., Singh, D., Sangwan, P., Gill, P. (2015). Management of Environmental Phosphorus Pollution Using Phytases: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. In: Kaushik, G. (eds) Applied Environmental Biotechnology: Present Scenario and Future Trends. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2123-4_7

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