Abstract
Highlighting the negative aspects of the strategy of promotion of the small-scale industries (SSIs), this chapter discusses environmental and health impacts of polluting industrial clusters. Improving the environmental performance of these SSIs has become crucial in this era of globalization as the increasing awareness regarding the environmental impacts of industrial activity. Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) are being propagated as a policy response and a collective solution to deal with the water pollution problem from the SSI clusters. Based on qualitative evidence on the performance of CETPs in industrial clusters, the analysis suggests that in spite of being operational for almost two decades now, the performance of the CETPs has been unsatisfactory. Based on empirical evidence from other developing countries, various alternatives to improve the environmental performance of SSIs in India have been discussed.
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Notes
- 1.
http://msme.gov.in/msme_aboutus.htm (Accessed 31 Oct 2011).
- 2.
Source: http://www.rrcap.unep.org/pub/soe/sa_part2_3.pdf (Accessed April 2011).
- 3.
Source: http://www.rrcap.unep.org/pub/soe/sa_part2_3.pdf (Accessed April 2011).
- 4.
The MoEF has revised these guidelines in 2011. Under the revisions, financial assistance is also available for upgradation/modernization of existing CETPs. Source: http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/rev-guid-2011.pdf (Accessed 31 Oct 2011).
- 5.
This subsection takes mainly from Kathuria (2007b).
- 6.
The discontinuity arises because if the price of environmental input is raised beyond a point, many SSIs may go out of business. The reverse is also possible; that is, they may not abate at all given their infrastructure and resources. The direction of discontinuity is however difficult to predict (Kathuria 2007b).
- 7.
Another 62 CETPs were proposed for construction at the time of the CPCB report (CPCB 2006). No data are available on the present status of these CETPs.
- 8.
The case of CETP Kundli, Haryana, is illustrative in this context. One of the key reasons which forced the CETP to be converted to a sewerage treatment plant (STP) within few years of operation is a highly heterogeneous mix of effluents (see Kathuria 2007b for details).
- 9.
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/7132 (Accessed 17 April 2011).
- 10.
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/tirupur-dyeing-units-told-close (Accessed 14 April 2011).
- 11.
It appears that some communities in the vicinity of CETPs are conducting their own Âmonitoring of the effluents. Sri Kisan Paryavaran Sangharsh Samiti in Pali, Rajasthan, in collaboration with the Center for the Science and Environment has trained the local citizens to monitor CETP Âeffluents. http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/5294 (Accessed 17 April 2011).
- 12.
http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/circ_EP_index.pdf (Accessed on 21 April 2011).
- 13.
See http://gpcb.gov.in/draft-action-plan-crit-poll-area-gujarat.htm (Accessed on 21 April 2011) for details on the action plans.
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Kathuria, V., Turaga, R. (2014). Small Industry in India: Are CETPs an Appropriate Response for Controlling Pollution?. In: Das, K. (eds) Globalization and Standards. India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1994-1_13
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